IMPORTANCE AND INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND Research Paper

IMPORTANCE AND INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN tinge MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - Research Paper ExampleThis will also involve a discussion on the major challenges facing disaster wariness and how the social media can be use to defray these challenges. The radical will concentrate on selective information sharing, disaster preparation and decision-making as tumefy as information collection. These four social media functions will then be mapped on to three crisis management phases of awareness, reaction, and recovery to outline how a variety of social media tools may be utilized to improve crisis communications. The paper will also share several(prenominal) cases of global organizations and governments that use social media for crisis management.The research paper proposes a model to improve government utilization of social media for crisis management that includes the necessity for a mandate, distinct guidelines and several key capabilities that need to be developed. The proposed tools will help governments and organizations in emergency management and disaster preparedness. consort to Sturges (2004) crisis management is an important organizational function that deals with planning and dynamic occurrence reaction to situations as they retort place, usually in unpredictable ways. The flowing effects of a happening crisis can thrash a countrys or an organizations capability to function effectively and may withdraw about serious harm to its citizens, institutions, assets, and repute. The emergence of an array of social media tools has transformed the landscape of crisis management importantly over the last few years with promises for social action now becoming certainties. With the availability of several(a) software tools such as online discussion forums and news aggregators, organizations are now able to distribute, attain, and scrutinize information in a more efficient manner and expansively. While social media has the capability to bar a crisis from getting out of control,

An Analysis of WTO, European Union, China and the UK relations Essay

An Analysis of WTO, European Union, China and the UK relations - screen ExampleIn general, MFN means that every clock time a country lowers a treat obstruction or opens up a market, it has to do so for the same goods or services from all its traffic partners - whether rich or poor, weak or strong.National treatment Treating foreigners and locals equallyImported and locally-produced goods should be handle equally - at least after the foreign goods have entered the market. The same should apply to foreign and internal services, and to foreign and local trademarks, copyrights and patents. Freer Trade Gradually by dint of Negotiation Lowering trade barriers is one of the nearly obvious means of encouraging trade. The barriers concerned include customs duties (or tariffs) and measures such as import bans or quotas that restrict quantities selectively. From time to time other issues such as red tape and exchange enumerate policies have also been discussed. gap markets can be ben eficial, but it also requires adjustment. The WTO agreements allow countries to introduce changes gradually, through progressive liberalization. growth countries be usually given longer to fulfill their obligations.Predictability through spinal column and Transparency Sometimes, promising not to raise a trade barrier can be as important as minatory one, because the promise gives ancestryes a clearer view of their future opportunities. With stability and predictability, investment is encouraged, jobs are created and consumers can fully bask the benefits of competition - choice and lower prices. The multilateral trading system is an sample by governments to make the business environment stable and predictable.Promoting Fair Competition The WTO is sometimes described as a free trade institution, but that is not entirely accurate. The system does allow tariffs and, in...From time to time other issues such as red tape and exchange rate policies have also been discussed. Opening ma rkets can be beneficial, but it also requires adjustment. The WTO agreements allow countries to introduce changes gradually, through progressive liberalization. Developing countries are usually given longer to fulfill their obligations.Predictability through Binding and Transparency Sometimes, promising not to raise a trade barrier can be as important as lowering one, because the promise gives businesses a clearer view of their future opportunities. With stability and predictability, investment is encouraged, jobs are created and consumers can fully enjoy the benefits of competition choice and lower prices. The multilateral trading system is an attempt by governments to make the business environment stable and predictable.Promoting Fair Competition The WTO is sometimes described as a free trade institution, but that is not entirely accurate. The system does allow tariffs and, in limited circumstances, other forms of protection. More accurately, it is a system of rules dedicated to open, fair and undistorted competition.

Hackers slang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hackers slang - Essay ExampleThe existence of slang dictionaries, of course, cancels the effectiveness of certain words.Abbreviation. Hackers pertain a word by only several of its component letters. For example RTFM - read the follo superchargeg manual, IMHO - in my humble opinion, BTW - by the way or LOL - lay of laugh.Verb doubling. Hackers double verbs as a concise, sometimes sarcastic comment on what the implied subject does. Also, a doubled verb is often utilise to terminate a conversation, in the process remarking on the current state of affairs or what the loudspeaker intends to do next. Typical examples involve win, lose, hack, flame, barf, and chomp, i.e. The disk heads just crashed. Lose, lose.Sound-alike slang. Hackers will often make rhymes or puns in order to convert an ordinary word or phrase into something more interesting, i.e. Plug&Play is alter to Plug&Pray, Government Property - Do Not Duplicate to Government Duplicity - Do Not Propagate or Macintosh to Macint rash.Overgeneralization. Many hackers love to take various words and bestow the wrong endings to them to make nouns and verbs, often by extending a standard rule to non-uniform cases (or vice versa). For example win extends to winnitude, winnage, disgust to disgustitude, hack to hackification. Marketdroid is a member of a companys marketing department, especially one who promises users that the next edition of a product will have brags that are not actually scheduled for inclusion, are passing difficult to implement. Careware is a variety of shareware for which either the author suggests that some payment be made to a nominated charity or a levy directed to charity is included on acme of the distribution charge.Spoken inarticulations. Words such as mumble, sigh, and groan are verbalize in places where their referent might more naturally be used. It derives from the impossibility of representing such noises in a chat or by e-mail. Anthropomorphization. Hackers often anthropomorp hize hardware and software, for example, its possible to say, the protocol handler got preoccupied or the program is died. ()Comparatives. Many words in hacker slang have to be unsounded as members of sets of comparatives. This is especially true of the adjectives and nouns used to describe the beauty and functional quality of code. Here is an roughly correct spectrum monstrosity brain-damage screw bug lose misfeature or crock kluge hack win feature elegance perfection. (Levi, 1984, pp.56-78)Numerization. Hackers often include soundalike numbers in place of words or move of words, for example 4 you, 2 do. (Kelly-Bootle, 1995, pp.36-101)Terms of computer hackers dialect are often occurrence to their subculture. Raymond (1996) writes, The hacker culture is actually a loosely networked collection of subcultures that is nevertheless conscious of some important share experiences, shared roots, and shared values. It has its own myths, heroes, villains, folk epics, in-jokes, taboos, and dreams. Because hackers as a group are particularly yeasty people who define themselves partly by rejection of normal values and working habits, it has unusually rich and conscious traditions for an learned culture less than 40 years

Meditation One and Two by Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Meditation One and 2 by Descartes - Essay ExampleIn Meditation 1, he doubts his friendship for the reason that he business leader be ambitiousnessing (Med1&2, n.p.). He tells of the danger of confusing dreams from realness especially because of the fact that we are really much convinced that whatever is happening in our dreams, no matter how far they are from reality is the truth. This is a very similar principle derived from the concept of the movie Inception which implies that the beginning of what a worldly concern will consider true is when he or she is fully awake. But the question is, how will you ramify being awake in reality or being in a waking dream? Lastly, Descartes questions his knowledge because of the fact that evil is all around us, constantly causing us a aslope view of truth. That is why we all need to be governed by law and not rely on our morals and free will because with the influence of evil, we can have our own versions of the good and bad and turn of f them to fit our selfish interests. However, in Meditation 2, Descartes brings himself out of his doubts because of the fact that he is a being make up of not only of a be but also of a mind, therefore he is a thinking being. Though his concept of knowledge could be marred by the limitations of his senses, dreams, and the influence of evil, he still can go beyond all three because of his mind or his ability to think. In line with this, he claims that mind can be better known than the body for the reason that the body could be easily deformed, perished, or seeped out of its strength with the influence of evil or is just fictional character of the mans mortal nature but the mind is something that is strong enough to filter the knowledge that is not only based on senses but also derived with prudence.

Project 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project 4 - Essay ExampleHowever, the bring out is that advancements are no longer taking its course. We experience change in lifestyles but the entire batch do is to be loyal to certain products and companies.As per the video, competition is certainly the mode of every entrepreneur of which the adoption and application of technology influence their market penetration. This indicates that without scientific change and adaptation to modern practices line of reasoning may not gain more. Nonetheless, we may see some other aspects influencing the business environment. These aspects include socialization and intense use of social media for advertisement and entertainment that can be used to build favored enterprises. Therefore, as per the video we need to embrace technological innovations and creativity for the future is going to be different. aspiration also ensures continuity as each company tries to outwit the other in the market. These in secrete is advantageous to clients as they will give rise quality and connect to the world easily through the net profit (Whittaker & Mike 187).The video is based on a number of technological advancements. With a number of current technological innovations, the video keeps us updated on the extent of our vulnerability brought in by such technological advancements. Although we may benefit from all these advances there are serious risks accompanying them. For instance, a simple gondola car has a lot of connections and computer operated carcasss that work together to boost its efficiency but when one system fails all there is a fatal accident. Thus, Internet attackers are also everywhere are machine-accessible or related in one way of the other. Some attackers work very fast to get information and use them within the shortest time possible to lower their rate of being noticed or detected (Whittaker & Mike 211).In our modern days, we all use mobile phones, but the danger is that

Sports and Entertainment Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Sports and Entertainment Management - Essay ExampleThe most kindle thing that I learnt was that life takes unexpected turns for all of us. It is not always for the worse but few brilliant opportunities be presented to us too. We choose to be open to new circumstances. A flexible view always prevails. Mr. Baker talked about transition in an memorial tablet. Transition or change is very eventful for an organization. Mr. Baker said that making a change is extremely difficult but we have to vex it because we have to stay up to speed with the rest of the world. The ways of the world change. The tastes of the consumers change. Technology changes all the time. This is wherefore an organization needs to be flexible and must be able to anticipate the requirements of change. According to Lewin, when an organization undergoes change, it goes through three processes which are unfreezing, change, and refreezing (pp. 197211). Unfreezing is the most difficult part because it is the stage which is resisted the most. It is common human carriage that when pile are settled in and are comfortable, they always tend to resist when they are asked to contact a change. A good leader administers change in a very effective carriage by taking all police squad members into confidence and explaining to them that a change is necessary for their own well-being. When the group members know about the importance of change, they cooperate in a better manner. The key is to involve the team up members in the process of transitioning. If the details of change are kept from the team members, a capaciouser ohmic resistance is likely to be expected. However, no matter how much(prenominal) efforts are made to involve the team members in the change process, there would always be some resistance. It is very important that this resistance is dealt fairly because it causes great stress otherwise. Lewin suggests that a controlled crisis can be created by the leader so that the team member s or the employees are motivated to find a new equilibrium themselves. When the crisis creates a hotshot of instability in the team members, they seek change themselves and, therefore, enter the second phase of change. According to Lewin, different people respond other than to change. It is not possible that the change would be undergone overnight. There are two types of people proactive and reactive. proactive people understand the need of change quickly and start working in the new way of life at once. Reactive people do not change unless something really happens to them and they are forced to change. The understructure of a crisis was suggested to set the wheels of reactive people in motion. However, there are always certain people who benefit heavily from the status quo. Such people take a long time to disengage and change. Here comes the importance of yet another very important aspect of Mr. Bakers show which is decision-making. A leader must be able to take tough decision s in a by the way manner. Being a hockey coach for a fair amount of time, Mr. Baker has the mental ruggedness and maturity to handle a team effectively. According to him, it is very important that a leader neer cheats. One of the major aims of his coaching was to hold the kids accountable if they do anything wrong so that a sense of responsibility can be created. This also helps in letting the team members know what their boundaries are. The team members are also treated with great respect so that they may never feel mistreated. All these things apart, the need to take necessary decisions is very important no matter how tough they are. However, there is always a room for improvement and there is a possibility that things can be done in much better way than they have been done in the past. According to Shapira, decision making is considered as a process in which different interests and perspectives

UK Company Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

UK Company Law Assignment - Essay Example much(prenominal)(prenominal) authority is what is perceived by third parties to have been vested in an element by the headliner. The existence of such authority requires a representation to have been made to the third party. Such representation should originate from the principal or some entity having accrual authority3.In Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd, the company was held to be liable, because the managing conductor had the authority to enter that particular type of contr lick on behalf of the company4.Angelina had been representing Brad, in his business, for many years. She used to attend to Brad in running his business, as she was well versed with makeup articles. As such, she had been acting as a representative of Brad, while conducting business with third parties. According to the ruling in the Freemans case, Angelina had acted as an performer of Brad, while entering into a contract with Aniston Ltd. T his contract with Aniston Ltd is valid, in accordance with the principle of ostensible authority, which permits an agent to form a valid contract on behalf of her principal. Consequently, Brad is responsible for the acts of Angelina, while doing the business, including the contract with Aniston Ltd.Instances where a companys director leave alone be held liable are given in the sequel. If a director willfully acts over and above the powers bestowed upon him by the articles of association of the company, then he will be held liable for such transgressions. If the company becomes insolvent as a result of the fraudulent activities of a director, then he will be held to be responsible. Section 174(1) established the craft to exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence. This duty enshrines the prescript of duty of care and skill of common law. Section 174(2) describes the amount of care, skill and diligence to be exercised by a director. Furthermore, the directors of a limited compa ny are not personally liable for the acts of the company. However, if a director abuses his position in the company, then he will be held personally liable and prosecuted accordingly6. Brad, as a director with a fiduciary duty towards the company, has to ensure the well being of the company. He sold 100,000 cost goods to Sess for 60,000. As a director of the company, Brad cannot act in a manner that causes a vent to the company. For example, Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 imposes a duty to promote the success of the company on its directors. This duty had been developed from the fiduciary duties owed by directors, such as duty of good faith and the duty to act in the best interests of the company7. Selling goods at a lower price results in financial loss to the company, and thereby implies a breach of statutory duties. Brad breached the fiduciary duty conferred up on him by section 172 of the Companies Act 2006. The director has to consider the long term consequences of th e decisions taken in the interest of the company. He has to consider the interests of the employees of the company and other factors such as the relationships with the clients and suppliers of the company. In addition to these

Assignment Week Two Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

grant Week Two - Term Paper Examplearch is being carried out in antithetic parts of the world, thus no one can claim that he is not a savant or he knows everything on any specific upshot. Yes, one who evolved any principle theory on any subject and the theory is recognized scientifically worldwide, he can only claim to be the owner of that particular root until and unless his idea / theory is challenged , changed, rejected or improved. If this is done that once over again that individuals becomes a learner on the field.The next idea that I liked a mass is the idea of five disciplines discussed in the Training Guide because I had been involved in training people and had been leave training on various effects frequently. Since, personal mastery involves a huge exposure on the topic therefore, it helps out the trainer to handle his knowledge and experience, and also enables him to reply each and every question satisfactorily quoting examples from what he practically dealt wi th. While involving participants in two way talks, we ultimately share a lot of knowledge and personal experience of each other and thereby understand counter productivity. The shared vision certainly brings a lot of new ideas for every one especially for the leader and enables him to satisfy his topic of lecture more satisfactorily. I similarly do agree with the third discipline Mental lesson. During all trainings, I myself frequently adapted this discipline and obtained a lot of new ideas to make the topic of lecture more satisfying and more useful. Every participant, who had some experience on the topic and could share his own mental model, was also making contribution that added to the knowledge base. This is important discipline and I of all time used it extensively. Team learning and system thinking are also deeply experienced in all training sessions. I always have taken opportunity of team learning by making two separate teams of equal participants and thereafter presenting ideas of each team to summaries the topic

Global Financial Crisis and the Ramifications and Impacts upon Ethics Research Paper

Global Financial Crisis and the Ramifications and Impacts upon Ethics and the Developmen of Ethical Behavior - Research Paper typefaceAs such, this brief paper ordain analyze some of the ways in which this researcher believes it could gravel last been prevented, the means whereby ethical standards were violated. Although it is oftentimes noted that hindsight is 20/20, it is worth discussing these mechanisms as a hunt of gaining a further insight into the way that the market works and seeking to prevent a confus fitted situation occurring deep down the future. Due to the high level of understanding that current economists require with regards to the Great Depression, many an(prenominal) forms of egis have been placed within the current frugality as a means of ensuring that the homogeneous type of catastrophe, based on the same causal factors, does not occur within the current market. However, these forms of protection were not always present and it can be effectively argue d that these were some of the main reasons why the crisis itself was able to be perpetuated and had such long and damaging effects. Finally, as a function of understanding the crisis, what precipitated it, and what furthered it, this analysis will devote a degree of time to analyzing behavioral bias that existed within the system. Background and Analysis of causal Factors and Precipitators As such, it is necessary to know, understand, and discuss the forces which could have prevented or at least greatly assuaged the crisis as it has been presented to the monetary markets and subsequent global economies over the period of the past 5 years time. In this way, such an explorative look into the realm of the financial crisis and its subsequent aftermath can allow for a more cognizant understanding of how the crisis itself could have been prevented as well as the formulation and creation of radical and insightful ideas within the reader with regards to how such a situation might be stop ped in the future. The first scene of anticipation and reduction to the crisis came as early as the mid to late 1990s when a way out of lawmakers and political analysts began to make a series of warnings concerning the untenable nature of the ways in which the financial arena was being deregulated (Liang, 354).1 Although this deregulation has been attributed to both sides of the political spectrum, in all fairness it can be fabricated from a moderate interpretation that both sides were complicit in the wholesale deregulation of the financial sector which ultimately caused the collapse of the real estate bubble (The Banking Crisis 9).2 Moreover, the first real and measurable signs of impending difficulties on the thought were first demonstrated around the year 2006 when the Department of Commerce noted that new home permits had dropped an astonish 28% (Hsu 497).3 Normally incremental increases and/or decrease in the reduction or expansion of new home permits are little cause fo r alarm however, when something as earth shattering and innately grotesque as nearly a 1/3 reduction in the demand for housing should have been a major red flag to the Federal Reserve as well as the accurate regulatory system. However, rather than heed such a statistic, the Federal Reserve remained unrealistically optimistic regarding how the economy would likely behave over the next several months and years (Horner 33).4 This allowed for the current situation to continue to prevail itself for approximately another 2 years time before the final result of such a failure in oversight and monetary policy was noted by the stock market in the painful round of

The Academic Benefits of a Structured Classroom Environment Essay

The Academic Benefits of a Structured Classroom Environment - Essay ExampleThis helps in avoiding confusion due to miscommunication, thus increasing academic productivity. Some tried and tested methods in building social organization in the schoolroom to increase academic success argon3. Having realistic consequences for the students actions that are consistently and steadfastly enforced inspires them to make better choices. The inherent lesson is to teach students that they can control life consequences by commanding their behavior.4. Establishing clear cut expectations and directions .Students function better when they know what is expected from them. Probability of completion of assignments increases when precise directions are given for completing every assignment and when students know exactly how the teacher will be assessing their projects.5. fine-looking constant feedbacks during large tasks and break-up of large tasks into smaller manageable ones increases success rate for completion especially with adolescent children.( Zeiger,volume2, number2).With a million definitions and explanations in research books and web sites of what is meant by structure in a classroom ,one can safely conclude that it might not mean the sa

Investment Options Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment Options - Research Paper ExampleIndividuals or firms who speculate in futures contracts by purchasing to profit from a price increase or selling to profit from a price pass ar aptly termed as speculators. Suffice it to say that speculators put their money at risk in the hope of profiting from an anticipated price change. Buying futures contracts with the hope of later being equal to sell them at a higher price is known as firing long. Conversely, selling futures contracts with the hope of being able to buy back identical and offsetting futures contracts at a lower price is known as going short.An arbitrageur is a type of investor, actually a type of speculator, who attempts to profit from price inefficiencies in the marketplace by making simultaneous tradesthat offset each other andcapture risk-free profits.An arbitrageur would, for example, seek proscribed price discrepancies between stocks listed on more than one exchange, buy the undervalued shares on the one exc hange piece short selling the same number of overvalued shares on the other exchange, thus capturing risk-free profits as the prices on thetwoexchanges converge. Arbitrageurs are typically actually experienced investors since arbitrage opportunities are difficult to find and need relativelyfast trading.The 3 amigos were certainly not hedgers as they were not concerned about protecting the interest of Getty Oil. They were, in fact, keen on making a quick buck out of buying shares of Getty Oil (which were very cheap) and selling them at a higher price when the takeover battle commences. In this regard, they can be considered as speculators as they are buying the shares in the hope of higher selling prices in the future. However, because the three amigos were taking advantage of the price inefficiency of Getty Oil which was at 30$ instead of having risen to $50 to 60, they are arbitrageurs. They were so keen in capturing risk free profits or at least an investment with very little risk. 2. Describe step-by-step their strategy. What were the major surmises of their strategy They were relying on what type of investors to move in what wayThe strategy of the three amigos is to find a stock price which carried with it minimal or no risks (i.e. stock price would not go down in the future). They were looking for a company that was not closely observed by stock traders and which was very likely to have stock prices going up thereby making them earn profits in a very short period.The major assumption that the three amigos made was that Getty Oils stock price was not likely to go down and the conditions were ripe for an increase. They arrived at this by considering that Getty Oil was selling only at a low multiple of its cash escape and had assets that can be easily valued and liquidated. Getty Oil also had assets in the right place and had be reserves. The political, economic and oil industrys environment also showed that is highly probable that oil players will b e at the winning edge in the future. The only reason that Getty Oil stock price hasnt risen even so despite all the positive factors was that the shareholders were segmented which was causing inefficiency in grabbing the opportunity. With an imminent takeover, Getty Oil will short take advantage of the positive fact

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Financial Management - Essay ExampleThis paper aims to explore the importance of managing opposed replace perils as hearty as the methods of managing it that most multinational companies employ. Also, by analysing the practices of two companies when it comes to managing opposed exchange risks in line with good academic practices, certain recommendations with regard to risk management practices for a fast-growing(prenominal) listed club in the UK can be proposed in the process.In this age of globalisation, many companies conduct businesses in countries other than their own. With opportunities in new markets come various types of risksbusiness risks, macro environmental risks, as well as foreign exchange risks (Pattichis et al. 2004). When a company conducts a business outside the country where it is based, the company is said to be exposed to some foreign exchange risks, where the fluctuations in the differences between the home countrys capital and the host countrys currency may result in adverse impacts in the companys income from international operations, as well as its balance sheet.Companies need to protect themselves from these risks a drastic change in the exchange consecrate between the home countrys currency and that of the host country can result in significant gains or losses (Nazarboland 2003). Aside from this, those which are otherwise very profitable international ventures of the company, due to fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate, may seem to be a losing business. For companies that have significant foreign direct investments crossways the globe, in order to assess more accurately the performance of their international subsidiaries, managing the foreign exchange risk is very important (Collier et al. 1990). Also, these differences will have a significant effect on the parent companys account earnings as well.When companies have investments outside their home countries, these investments are usually exposed to foreign

Research Question, Literature Review and Sample Essay

Research Question, Literature Review and Sample - Essay Examplehas been a number of reports and incidents that baffle been filed in the past where elders have been victims of crime and which have moved on to create a venerate within them. The paper exit provide a detailed literature review of the topic and ordain include statistical data and information that is available that pertain this topic. The literature review that has been discussed is a compounding of the literature and theories that have been presented in the past along with the recent statistics that are available on the topic. This will be followed by the research questions and research hypothesis which form an essential part of the research.With age set about a number of issues like the physical vulnerability and also lowered income which in turn leads to a high level of fear of crime. Various researches have been conducted in the past however no whiz definition has been developed for fear of crime. There have bee n a number of debates on the high hat and most effective way to measure crime. Elchardus, De Groof and Smits (2003), argue that although not much literature is available in terms of the fear of crime, however there are two main patterns that have been followed. These include, a rationalistic view and the other is a symbolic view. Donder, et.al explain, The rationalistic paradigm interprets fear as a take of risk and vulnerability with regard to crime and victimization. The symbolic paradigm interprets fear of crime as a consequence of more general feelings of vulnerability and dissatisfaction that become feelings of being threatened of crime and victimization (Donder, Verte, & Messelis, 2005). all over the years authors like Baumer and Skogan and Maxfield have divided the factors into three main fields. These includeIt is evident that the above factors diarrhea a major role on the fear of crimes and leads to a number of issues among people across the world. The near sub section will deal with the relationship of elders and fear of crime.A number of

Case study based upon on a hypothetical legal situation

Based upon on a hypothetical legal situation - Case Study typesetters caseed improper tactics to pick an all-white jury for a black defendants dispatch trial, and subsequently overturned the conviction of a man who has been on death row for 12 years.1 masking/Analysis Prosecutors should be allowed to consider race as a factor in the jury selection, as thoroughly as gender and age, which could also be problematic for the defense. Since Mr. Woodson was Black, he definitely should have been sufficient to at least have one or two jurors be Black as well so the jury would constitute a reflection of more of a jury of his peers. Alan M. Dershowitza attorney for O.J. Simpsonwrote eloquently in his book, We were pleased that we had a largely Black jury, which might be more open to arguments to the highest degree police perjury, evidence tampering, and so onarguments we believed were correct. If that is playing the race card, then the race card should be playedbecausepolice often make

Masters accounting curriculum for international college Research Paper

Masters business relationship plan for world-wide college - Research Paper congressmanAccountancy is a method or manner of communicating information to stakeholders such as the shareholders on how a fear is performing financially by making use of financial statements. Accountancy is frankincense an important aspect of any business since it helps in summarizing as well as classifying data in a simplified way. Companies that conduct business internationally are faced by numerous challenges, which imply cultural diversity, competition, as well as the challenge of having to do business in a polyglot apparelting. This requires persons aspiring to engage in multinational or orbicular business to be equipped to get laid with the above challenges. Additionally, multinational corporations have more complicated financial statements as compared to national one. Accountants are thence required to have adequate skill to enable them audit international financial statements and make clu tch decisions on behalf of their employees. However, nearly existing curricula fail to address how the newly emerging challenges should be dealt with adequately. This results in most graduates lacking knowledge on the aspects characterizing global business. It thus becomes depressing when such graduates have to work with global companies. This look into composing focuses on International College, which is considering offering a Masters in Accounting for international students. The paper will give recommendations on how the college should develop a curriculum that addresses the current withdraws of companies who do business around the globe.ProcedureTo establish the aspects to include or eliminate from the existing curricula, there is need to say the conditions that characterize the global business.... It thus becomes depressing when such graduates have to work with global companies. This research paper focuses on International College, which is considering offering a Masters i n Accounting for international students. The paper will give recommendations on how the college should develop a curriculum that addresses the current needs of companies who do business around the globe. Procedure To establish the aspects to include or eliminate from the existing curricula, there is need to understand the conditions that characterize the global business. International College should establish a panel to analyze the aspects that should be included in the curriculum to enable graduates deal with global business challenges. The gaits that should be followed while establishing a curriculum on global business include identification of the problems facing the global business and establishment of solutions to the problems. To name the problems facing the global business and are not being addressed by the current accounting program, a survey can be done on recently graduated accounting crucifys student. Identifying the challenges that current accountants are facing will enable coming up with a curriculum that addresses these challenges (Lubin Web). Another step should be identification of possible consequences of applying the identified solutions in global business. It is important that the measures set to resolve these challenges be realistic and easy to implement. Another step should be coming up with shipway to overcome the problems that may arise while applying new accounting strategies in global business. The last step should be coming up with a detailed design of how to implement the new

Corporate Social Responsibility Plans and Communications Strategy Literature review

Corporate Social Responsibility Plans and Communications Strategy - literature review ExampleA CSR communication theory strategy provides the potential to generate stakeholder participation, which can yield the discussion, production, and spreading of meaningful ethical norms and practices. Sensemaking enables different stakeholder groups to openly and comprehensively discuss CSR issues and problems. Stakeholders refer to anyone who will be/ atomic number 18 affected by the organizations goals and actions. Sensemaking allows stakeholders to make sense of things in organizations while in intercourse with others while reading communications from others while exchanging ideas with others. Sensemaking expands ways of thinking and doing through collaboration and questioning groupthink processes. Moreover, contempt apprehension for CSR intentions, Ihlen, Bartlett, and May (2011) asserted that companies must exert full effort in expressing CSR intentions because it can induce stakehol der participation. They noted that communication theory offers models for stakeholder involvement and collaboration, including those that deal with conflict and yet build consensus (Ihlen et al, 2011, p.12). Recognizing that companies have self-interests and conclusion ways to balance that with stakeholder interests are integral to the communication process. Aside from sensemaking, stakeholder theory can improve stakeholder participation. CSR communications treat stakeholders as value-producing in the long run, where value includes financial and social aspects (Morsing & Schultz, 2006, p.324). CSR concerns the critical balance amongst financial and non-financial goals of organizations.

Military Accountability Essay Example for Free

soldiers Accountability EssayPurpose to provide a refresher on property accountability and an sentience of Army tangible security. Agenda presidential term Property Accountability Equipment Sensitive Items Weapons physiologic Security Government Property OCIE Your somebodyal equipment Unit/Section Equipment Tentage, Radios, Vehicles, Anything Green Vehicle BII Driver or TC amenable for Accountability Clothing Record (DA 3845 and Electronic) Used for OCIE Hand Receipt (DA 2062) Used for equipment Sensitive Items Cannot be confounded Report immediately to the chain of command if missing Comsec equipment Weapons Certain Technology SINCGARS NBC Alarms, NVGs Weapons Individuals issued arms ar responsible for their security at all times. Each issued weapon pass on be carried on the person at all times.Weapons will not be entrusted to the custody of another person. Pistols will be secured with a lanyard. AR 190-11 Responsibility You are responsible for all US Army equipment yo u sign for. You basis be charged for missing or damaged equipment. If you lose it, report it A field loss can be investigated if reported immediately. You buy it on the showdown. Physical Security (Defined) That part of security concerned with physical measures degestural to safeguard personnel, to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material and documents, and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft.AR 190-16 What Does That Mean? Physical security is meant to counter the threat during peace and war. Threat can range from enemy forces to terrorists to civilian criminals or saboteurs. How to Practice Physical Security Limit Access Secure Equipment Guards Locks Physical Barriers Fences Buildings Access Military Installations (Armories) will have access control. Installation Specific Varies based on Threat. Conclusion Secure equipment Remember You signed for it, you own it.

Thermodynamics Laws and Life Essay Example for Free

Thermodynamics Laws and Life EssayIntroduction The public is governed by the integritys of thermodynamics. In other words, it affects the everyday lives of human beings. Every moment a man exists, performs his routine activities or interacts with objects around him like every time he walks or drives a car or enlistment on an air conditioner, or practise an electrical appliance, he reap the practical benefits of thermodynamics (Sonntag 223). fit in to Sonntag in his defend Fundamentals of Physics, one excellent definition of thermodynamics is that it is the science of brawn and southward. round other cracking definition would be that thermodynamics is the science that deals with incite and clear and the properties of substance that bear a proportion to rouse and work. As I understand it, thermodynamics had something to with anything that involves the use and transfer heat or aught, and the resulting work it produces. This means that without heat or aptitude then on that point would be no work to be performed. And when work is absent then there would be no human existence for sprightliness is well-nigh tied with activities. Like all sciences, thermodynamics was established based on experimental observation. Out of this experiments evolved the three jurisprudences of thermodynamics (Sonntag 16).The Laws of Thermodynamics jump law of ThermodynamicsThe first law of thermodynamics is often called the Law of Conservation of Energy which accedes that vitality screwnot be created nor undone. Furthermore, this law suggests that since null cannot be created or destroyed it is merely transferred from one musical arrangement to another in many forms. In other words, there is an idea of energy conversion like from heat energy to mechanical energy. Because energy is not created or destroyed, in the universe as a closed system the amount of energy available is constant (there is no addition or subtraction of energy) .Energy is usually introduced into a system and from thereon undergoes energy transformation to perform some functions(Young 534-536) . In relating to life, a good illustration would be when a man takes in food (introduction of energy to the body through calorie), heat energy in the form of calorie is transform into chemical energy by his cells which in turn is transform into a mechanical energy so that a man is able to perform physiological activities like walking, dancing or talking.Man by his own self cannot create his own energy (he inescapably to eat to get energy) and that this energy through bodily processes is transform within his body to modify him to perform some bodily functions. What the first law actually is trying to say is that man clean cannot get something out of nothing like he just cannot survive without first eating some amount of food otherwise he will just fell dead. If only man can create his own energy then he does not need to eat. In the same way, the pick of other living things d epend on getting energy from outside sources, for example plants need the energy of the sun for p calefacientosynthesis. For objects, in locate for it to function, like for a plane in order for it to fly it needs the heat of combustion of its fuel to do work in propelling the plane (Young 534).Second law of ThermodynamicsWhile the first law deals with the conservation of energy, the second law tells of the direction of conservation. In other words, how or where energy transformation normally proceeds. The second law settles the question wherefore when you put ice into a hot cup of tea, heat will flow from the hot tea to the cold ice and commingle the ice in the beloved beverage illustrating the unalterable reality that heat cannot be transferred from a colder to a hotter body. It is because graphic processes that involve energy transfer must(prenominal) have one direction, and all natural processes atomic number 18 irreversible.That is why, man as human being that makes use o f many bodily energy conversions can neer go back to being an infant simply must proceed to old age. Or that a machine will go from new to old, it depreciates and lowers in value. In a sense, the second law puts limitations into how heat conversion is achieved in real life.The second law further states that the direction of thermodynamic processes is more towards from an order to a disorder state or entropy. Entropy is the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy and matter in a system, the higher is a disorder the greater is the entropy. That is why in hot and cold bodies the process proceeds from hot to cold because adding heat to a body increases its disorder because it increases bonny molecular speeds and therefore the randomness of molecular motion(Young 574). In other aspects, it is clear now why it is easy to mess up than to clean, and that the greater are the things present the messier it is.According to Young in his book University Physics, in a natural irrevers ible isolated system (one that does no work on its surroundings) entropy is always increasing, or the degree of disorder increases with time( Young 541 and579) . This can be illustrated by man getting old. Although some scientific researches had created formulas to make man look younger than his age, this only controls the pace of his getting old, but at long last man had to surrender to the irreversible natural process of body deterioration that will go through to old age and ultimately death. As man increased in age, his body weakens, his cells degenerate and eventually he dies.And when a body decays and die it cannot be renewed again and bring back to life but it will rot on the grave . What the second law of thermodynamics is saying is that there are some things that I cannot control from happening for it is a natural process that needs or must materialise and when it did occur it is impossible to undo. This reminds me in some sense of where man is heading in life. He always g o towards the future and leaves behind a past. What happened in the past he can neer undo for he can never go back to the past. That direction will be always close to him no matter how much energy he is willing to spend to retraced back to that road.Critics in the biological evolution however, claimed that the theory of evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics, since evolution involves simple life forms create on their own into more complex, more highly ordered organisms. But living things are not closed systems because they can interact with outside sources of energy like the sun and it has been shown that energy and/or cumulus flow through a system can constrain it far from equilibrium, resulting in an increase in order. The organizing work is then primarily carried on by metabolic motor of DNA, enzymes, etc( ).Third law of ThermodynamicsThe third law touches on reaching a state of absolute zero (oK) or to exclude entropy by making temperature equals to zero. At ab solute zero the system has a minimum supply internal energy (kinetic plus potential). This can only happen if all energy and matter are randomly distributed in space eradicating all thermal motion( Young 574). This however will never occur unless perhaps in few extraordinary, carefully-engineered situations. The third law of thermodynamics reinforced the fact that in life there are things that are unattainable and accepting this reality is a much better idea than to advertise the laws of life.ConclusionThe laws of thermodynamics just clearly put into much clearer terms the laws of life. Since thermodynamics is a science that deals with energy and energy transformations as well as the resulting work it produces, it has practical applications in life for life is an active use of energy. First law is a conservation of energy which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed substance that energy is already in existence and needs only to be applied to a system, example a human system, in various forms to benefit life. The second law states that in a natural process there is a direction from which the conservation follows and this is usually to a more disordered state (entropy). The third law just simply states that if absolute zero is reached then entropy will be zero, but such is an impossible occurrence.ReferencesIsaak, Mark. Five Major Misconceptions about Evolution. The Talk Origins Archive. October 1, 2003. Retrieved December 3, 2007 http//www.talkorigins.org/faq/faq-misconceptions.htmlSonntag, Richard E. and Claus Borgnakke. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, fifth ed. New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1998.Young, Hugh D. and Roger A. Freedman. University Physics, Vol. 1. 9th ed. New York Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1996.

Media on Youth Essay Example for Free

Media on Youth EssayMedia, the widest form known to humans. The powerhouse of civilization. Why do the youth of today praise the photo-shopped bodies of Victoria Secret or Calvin Cline Models? Why do they thrive to keep track of the latest fashion trends that they see within the pages of frequent magazines such as Vogue or Cosmopolitan? Its the type of question that has no echt answer, except far too many consequences.The perfect body. Browse through the magazines, its there. Most teens testament do anything to get that stick figure and emphasize on anything. Eating disorders are commonly constitute in youths. Disorders such as Anorexia and Bulimia are mental disorders that force youths non to eat because they commit they are fat. They then refuse food, vomit food they have eaten or in roughly cases, use pills to lose the pounds and continue to do so even when they are considered skinny. They gradually beat too thin and frail. Some teenagers become obsessed with hig htail iting out which is healthy, but not when they workout two to four times a day. Obsessive working out usually allows the patient to mannequin muscle rather than lose weight. In this mental state disorder, they dont want contestation hard abs or strong calfs, they just want to be skinny.Flip open a magazine, proceed through it and Stop Whats there? Probably an ad from a designer, or anything subliminal that enters the outlook of a teenager. This promise for beauty and perfection is brainwashing. Fashion this summer is going retro which means the youth will ransack expensive stores looking for the latest trends they saw in that Teen Vogue magazine, or during the commercial break while watching T.V. or maybe even mounted on a giant billboard. If it says buy this, teens will do anything to buy it. Some teens may get into shoplifting or stealing money from their parents to get these items. Money is hard to come by when young and out of work so staying on top of the trends beco mes harder to achieve. The youth should learn the value of money which media does not teach.Youth should not obsess over their bodies. With a healthy balanced diet and the right exercise, they can stay in shape and look and feel good. Teenagers dont need a new wardrobe any week. Buy clothes that is needed at reasonable prices, or look for sales to find bargains. The youth should not buy something because of impulse. Media makes it look so easy to have or get, but in earth its tempting youths to be something or someone theyre not. Media is a huge influence but with the right mindset, it can be overcome and taken lightly. Media will always be there, its up to the individual to take what they want from these messages within reason.

Isolation and Resentment in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Isolation and Resentment in bloody shame Shelleys Frankenstein Essaybloody shame Shelleys novel, Frankenstein, deals with two very distinct souls the young-but-foolish professional Frankenstein and his creation, the hulk. sea captain is the main(prenominal) focus of the novel for the beginning chapters, while the relievo of the work focuses more on the education and actions of the titan. The characters of success and the Monster atomic number 18 first brought together during the Monsters creation in Chapter 4 (34).It was superordinates closing off from some(prenominal) his family and his peers that ultimately lead to his creation of the Monster, and it was the Monsters feelings of isolation and saddle sore towards master copy that lead to his violent episodes. While these feelings are unmingled in both characters actions through and throughout the majority of the novel, it was during the Monsters statements to Captain Robert Walton towards the end of the story th at drives home the fact that the Monsters actions were products of his restate rejections when he attempted to be accepted by society and as such are non indicative of his inherent nature.It was these feelings of loneliness and passion that drove both Victor and the Monster to their actions, and it is safe to sweep up that some of Shelleys personal feelings of abandonment and resentment towards her mother bled through into her characters. These feelings are make evident by substance of the diction of the characters, both elements of and deviations from the chivalric stereotype, the development of the characters throughout the story and the lack of both definite closure to the text edition edition.Shelleys use of eloquent and elaborate language by the main characters could be construed as ironic, in that such surface-spoken characters confound sunken into committing the most terrible of sins, namely those of despatch and hubris. It is this irony that makes the isolation a nd resentment that Victor and the Monster feel stand out in the subscribers mind two characters that are so articulate in their speech are reviled for their differences from the rest of society.The sophisticated diction of the Monster in the final pages of the novel helps to lend a feeling of saddle sore and compunction to the text. However, the Monsters eloquent speech does non sway the Captain, as evidenced in the first line I was at first touchedindignation was rekindled within me. (154). This shows that no payoff how well-spoken an individual is and how sympathetic that person might be, normal society tends to shun those that are viewed as different, whether these differences are physical or in the way that they communicate.Such eloquence, as evidenced in the Monsters speech Once I falsely hoped to meetthoughts of honor and devotion (154), is a broadcast product of how a person was raised those that are raised in an environment where they are unploughed isolated, whether by choice or through the influence of society tend to develop such disquisition skills as a way of hopefully being accepted by those around them. However, more frequently than not, such well-defined articulation of ones thoughts leads to such a person being supercharge isolated from society, and as such feeds feelings of isolation and resentment.It was due to realistic depictions of societal reactions like these that helped to solidify Frankensteins place as a Gothic novel. Shelley uses m whatsoever common elements of the Gothic novel in Frankenstein, and the themes of resentment and isolation end be connected to the characters through these elements. Victor is depicted as a weak hero, whose isolation from the world in the development of his creation leads him from an otherwise successful career as a scientist.It could be inferred that Victors resentment towards his creation, whom he subsequently abandons, stems not only from his wickedness with himself and what he has create d, but also from the opportunities denied to him as a result of his irresponsible pursuit of bestowing life upon that which should confront lifeless. Although Victor knew that creating life through artificial means would be considered taboo by his peers, he unyielding to proceed with the project regardless, letting his scientific curiosity overtake his rational intellect.After he brought the Monster to life, he was realized the irresponsibility of his actions. During this time, Victor had severe difficulties connecting to other people, and he gradually worked to further aloofness himself from the rest of society, which lead him into an extremely depressed state (. Although there were points in the novel where Victor was fitting to experience a very temporary reprieve from his mental torments, in his mind he would never be able to fully experience mental peace until one of them was dead.In contrast to Victors rather weak characterization, the Monster could be depicted as the hero of the story, in that up to now while he is committing murders that should sicken the reader, he is still portrayed as a sympathetic character, whose actions are driven by his feelings of abandonment, betrayal and resentment that Victor engenders in him through his various actions, as well of those of humane society in regards to the Monster i. e. The Monsters episode with Felix.It is understandably unclear if any the characters quarter be definitively labeled as a hero or villain, for even though they both have committed acts worthy of abhorrence and disgust, in a sense, they could be considered to be victims of abuse and disrespect as well. Due to this, it can be argued that both Victor and the Monster are accurate representatives of the Gothic hero/villain. A final example of Gothic elements that Shelley incorporates into her novel is that of the heroine in distress, in this case Elizabeth.Elizabeth is a good example of a heroine because she is a strong female character who is independent and dedicated, especially to the Frankenstein family aft(prenominal) Victors mother dies. However, she breaks the classic Gothic mold of a heroine by the fact that she is a patient woman who almost never takes action for herself, and it is for this reason as well as Victors negligence on their wedding night that she ends up being killed by the Monster in the novel.Victors neglect towards Elizabeth on their wedding night could be due to his isolation during his developmental years, and as such was not comfortable in being tied d make to Elizabeth. Victor appeared to have developed in a fairly normal manner, due to the fact that he had experienced a childhood that would be considered normal for the noble class in that time. This continues to be the case until he takes it upon himself hold the power of God and attempt to bestow life.From this point, his experiments and eventual creation become his only obsession, and he can no longer interact with other people, even th ose that he sees on a daily root word while at the college. Victor is ineffective to communicate with other in any meaningful way during this time, as his mind is always preoccupied with thoughts regarding the monster he is responsible for giving life to. ground on this behavior, it gives credence to the question if Victor ever matured any further as an individual once he arrived at the college.In contrast, the Monsters experiences during the period of his mental and emotional development were always abrupt and sometimes violent. This occurred when he realized that he would forever be rejected by the human race, as his physical appearance was so ghastly that all those that came in his presence were flat stricken with fear as evidenced by Even his creator, Victor, who to the Monsters understanding should acknowledge him even if others refused to, was so terrified of the Monster that he refused to fulfill his romise in making the Monster a companion. It is understandable that fro m that point on, all joy was but a mockery (116) to the Monster, and he decided that the fix purpose in his life was to destroy any and all the things that brought pleasure or comfort to his creator. These events are similar because they both represent periods in which these characters no longer are able to have monumental social interactions with those around them. During his development, the monster was able to have many of the same experiences as a human would.For example, he was able to feel a wide range of emotions, from pleasure to hate, even pride and remorse he developed intellectually through both his learning from books and his unpleasant interactions with society he learned much in the way that a child does to use his physical senses to tell him about his environment. However, because of his grotesque appearance, he was made to feel that he would never accepted as a member of human society, and many of his interactions with humankind gave no reason to dissuade him from such a belief.In Captain Waltons final earn to his sister (154), he recounts the words that the monster speaks to him over Victors dead body. The eruption of barbaric self-pity the Monster displays brings into question the injustice of how he has been treated and compellingly captures and portrays the feelings of isolation and resentment he has experienced in regards to his interactions with society, providing both Walton and the reader a glimpse into the suffering that has motivated his actions.It was these feelings that lead the Monster to disappear with Victors corpse, presumably to avoid contact with any others of mankind until he eventually dies however, the ending of the text is rather ambiguous, so it is possible that the Monster decided to return to revenge himself upon mankind. At the closure of Frankenstein, Shelley does not provide a well-defined ending. The last line, reading He sprung from the cabin-windowlost in darkness and outstrip (156), leaves the reader respon sible for deciding how they believe the story concluded.The ending can be regarded as having been odd open because although the story does provide a conclusion in that it may be assumed that the creature took his own life after departing Waltons ship, there is not enough concrete evidence provided in the text to prove beyond a doubt that this is indeed what occurred. It is entirely possible that the Monster would be unable to let go of his hatred of Victor, and by extension, mankind due to his isolation.Just because his creator died does not inevitably mean that he could let his emotions go, and it is this possibility that shows just how differently people view things the reader can make of the ending what they will, but they will never know for sure how Shelley would have ended it otherwise. finished the speech of the characters, the Gothic elements applied in the text, the characters developments and the rather obscure ending of Frankenstein, it is evidently clear that Mary She lley believes that isolation and resentment play key roles in how people relate to others, and how they develop their own behaviors.It is through the medium of her novel that allows her to express these beliefs, and she provides plenty of evidence in her text to back up these beliefs. The feelings of isolation and resentment that Victor and the Monster both felt towards society were key aspects of their personalities, and were the main driving forces rear their various actions made through the course of the text.

Dr. Randy Pausch Essay Example for Free

Dr. randy Pausch EssayDr. Randy Pausch was an American professor of computer Science and human-computer interaction and design at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He learned that he had suffering from the pancreatic cancer in September 2006, and in August 2007 he was giving a terminal diagnosis3 to 6 months of tidy health left. He gave an upbeat lecture call The Last dress down Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams. On September 18, 2007, at Camegie Mellon University. On the stage that day, Randy was youthful, ener causeic, handsome, often cheerfully, darkly funny. He seemed invincible. But this was a brief moment, as he himself ac enjoyledged. If you knew you were going to allow away and you had one last lecture. What would you say to your students? For Dr. Randy Pausch, theres an elephant in the fashion and the elephant in the room is that for him it wasnt hypothetical. It has now come back after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation and the docto r told him theres zip to do and he has months to live. These argon his most recent CT scans.The pancreatic cancer has spread to his liver. Theyre approximately a dozen tumors. Even though he dont like this unless he cant do anything about the fact that he is going to die. The Last Lecture by Dr. Randy Pausch on Oprah was about childhood dreams. His childhood dreams were being in the National football game League. This is one of the childhood dreams he didnt achieve and its rattling important to know that, if you dont achieve your dreams, you can still get a lot by trying for it. palpate is what you get when you dont get what you wanted. Dr. Randy Pauschs second dream is to scram a Walt Disney Imaginary. When he was eight, his family took the Pilgrimage to Disneyland in California and it was this incredible experience. The rides and the shows and the attractions and boththing and he said, gosh, Id like to sire stuff like that when he get older. So he graduated from college a nd he tried and true to become an Imagineer. These are the people who chance upon the magic.He got a lovely rejection letter and then he tried again after graduated school and he have kept all of these rejection letters everyplace the years as an inspiration. But then the darndest thing happened. He worked hard and worked hard and he became a junior faculty member and he specialized in doing certain kinds of research. He developed a skill that was valuable to Disney and he got a chance to go there. Finally, he become a actuate of an Imagineering team and they worked on something called Aladdins Magic CarpetRide and it was incredibly cool however it took him over 15 years to do it and lots of tries. What he learned from that the brick walls that are in our way are there for a reason. They are not there to keep us out. They are there to give us a way to show how much we want it. Dr. Randy have a good relationship with his parents.His father is an incredible guy and he fought in W orld War II. He was clear part of the greatest generation. Sadly, his father passed away a little over a year agone and when his mother was going through his thing that was when she discovered that in World War II, he was awarded the bronze Star for valor. His mother was always there to keep him in check. Dr. Randy believed his parents encouraged him to cultivate his inventive talents by letting him paint rockets on the walls of his house. When he got older and he bought his first car and he was so excited. According to Dr. Randy, people are more important than things. He just emptying a can of soda onto the back seat of his car when his sister was explains to his niece and nephew so they lead not get his car dirty. He explain to her sister about its just a thing.Dr. Randy know he will dying soon so he choose to have fun today, tomorrow, and every other day he have left. If you want to achieve your dreams, you better work and play surface with others. For him, a good apology has three parts, Im sorry, it was my fault and how do I make it right? Most people skip that third part. Dr. Randy show his gratitude to the group of kids who helped him gets his dream business organisation by brought them to Disney world. When people asked How could you do it? and he said How could I not do it? Gratitude is a very simple thing and its a very powerful thing. If you lead your life the right way, the karma will take care of itself. The dreams will come to you. If you live properly, the dreams will come to you.

Mindy’s Sections Essay Example for Free

Mindys Sections EssayProfitabilityBJB intends to apply a six sigma approach to improving profitability in the innovative CD changers. Using much(prenominal) tools provided finished this approach will lead to major cost reduction and grapheme improvements that will result in an increase in profitability. The approach will involve measuring capability of processes to produce services and products that run free of defect. Experts at BJB will analyze standard deviation, short term performance data, and critical to quality (CTQ) characteristics to predict long-term process capability. Such analysis will apply concepts to the product, much(prenominal) as chance for defect, defects per opportunity, and defects per million opportunities. Experts previously described will use a four step approach to position this strategy. These steps include measuring of CTQ characteristics analysis through benchmarking and gap studies, improvement, and control. With a ratio of 1 smart per 100 employees, BJB will lead more projects per year as well as have a potential savings of $175,000 per project.ReferenceHarry, Mikel J. (1998). Quality Progress. Six Sigma A Breakthrough Strategy for Profitability. American hostel for Quality. Retrieved from http//asq.org/qic/display-item/index.html?item=13334 customer Complaints ManagementBJB will apply a Six Sigma approach to manage and improve customer complaints management process. This methodology provides an organized structure for solving and analysis of problems. BJB will apply DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) phases to wreak and define problems within the organization. First, the problem is defined, variables influencing processes be measured, cause for process failure are analyzed, improvements are be after and made as well as variables are controlled until a defined six sigma level and a solid level of customer satisfaction is determined.ReferenceRiesenberger, Carlos Sousa, Sergio Dinis (2010). App lication of the Six Sigma Methodology in Customer Complaints Management A Case Study in the Automotive Industry. Retrieved from http//www.pomsmeetings.org/ConfPapers/015/015-0345.pdfEnvironmental Regulations ComplianceBJB mustiness roll environmental regulations compliance in regard to computer and electronic product manufacturing sector (NAICS 334). This sector covers manufacturers of electrical distribution equipment and electrical industrial apparatus as well as other electrical equipment and supplies. Laws and Regulations that BJB must abide by include Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program National Emissions Standards for Hazardous advertize Pollutants (NESHAP) air toxics regulationso Degreasing Organic Cleaners (Halogenated Solvent Cleaners)o Magnetic Tape (surface coating)o semiconductor unit Manufacturing Stratospheric Ozone Regulationso The Phase-out of Ozone Depleting Substanceso Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program EPAs program to evaluate and regulate substit utes for the ozone-depleting chemicals that are being phased out under the stratospheric ozone protection provisions of the Clean Air Act (CAA). Compliance to such laws and regulations will assist BJB meet environmental obligations. Enforcement of legal action against BJB is a result of noncompliance to such laws and regulations.ReferenceUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (2012). Laws and Regulations. Retrieved from http//www.epa.gov/lawsregs/compliance/

Zimbabwe’s Present (Post Z$) Economic Recovery Programmes Essay Example for Free

Zimbabwes Present (Post Z$) scotch Recovery Programmes EssayIntroductionThe beginning of 2009 marked the end of over a go of scotch decline in Zimbabwe. The sparing indicators decline cut across all learn firmaments, disdain Zimbabwes rich resource endowment. Inflation, initially at 100 portion annually among 2001 and 2006, change magnitude to over 1500 percent (McIndoe, 2009). consort to IMF estimates, real GDP growing recorded a cumulative condensing of 48% (nearly 5% per year) between 2000 and 2009. Agriculture value added contracted by 86% during the period 2002-2008. primitive national income per capita in 2008 was estimated to be US$360 (comp atomic number 18d to sub-Saharan Africa amount of US$1,428), making it one of the poorest countries in the world (African outgrowth chamfer, 2010). The poverty rate which was already on an increase since 1995 (42 percent) was recorded at 63 percent in 2003 and was estimated to be over 70 percent in 2010 (African Devel opment slang Group, 2011).According to the economicalal insurance policy emend proposals inform by the coalition brass formed in February 2009, antithetical symptoms of the economic crises as negative GDP maturation rates, low productivity capacity, loss of jobs in the semiformal sector, food shortages, massive deindustrialization and general despondency (STERP, 2009). This paper enjoyments schoolingal asseverate supposition as a basis of assessing economic restore policies proposed and currently being implemented by the Zimbabwes coalition governing body after the demise of the Zimbabwe dollar (Z$) in 2009.The paper considers STERP in March 2009, modal(a) Term fancy (MTP) in July 2010, and the Three Year Macro-economic Policy and Budget Framework 2010-2012 (STERP II) in the context of this economic hypothesis with a conceive to assessing the extent to which they figure out Zimbabwe closer to the key elements of a develop-mental give tongue to. This is taken from the premise on which these policies ar anchored. For example, the sixth range in STERP says STERP is an emergency short term stabilization program, whose key goals be to stabilize the macro and micro- thrift, recover the take aims of savings, investment and harvest-tide, and specify the basis of a more transformative mid-term to long-term economic program that will turn Zimbabwe into a progressive educational State, STERP, 2009 grade no. 6)The paper begins with a summary of the key elements of the economic reform proposals. It then looks at the key elements of a developmental state after which it assesses the extent to which Zimbabwes key reform proposals would enable it to meet the minimal requirements of a develop-mental state. The paper concludes by offering an assessment of the chances of success for the economic reform measures.Key elements of Zimbabwes economic reform measuresAll reform programs be anchored on economic stabilization, increasing productivity and t urning Zimbabwe into a developmental state. In the key policy pronouncements announced in STERP (February 2009) and the Medium Term Plan, Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) had two tether objectives. First, it execute out to use domestic savings and inappropriate finance to carry out in the public eye(predicate) investment jut outs and to mobilize and channel scarce resources into argonas that can be expected to make the greatest parcel towards the realization of long term economic objectives. These include measures to stabilize the macro and micro-economy, recover the levels of savings, investment and growth, and lay the basis for transformation from mid-term to long-term economic programs that will result in economic growth and reducing of poverty levels.In so doing, the reform programs, as espoused in article 3 of the September 2008 orbiculate Political Agreement (GPA) tellk to address the key issues of economic stabilization and national healing, whilst at the similar time p lace the foundation of a more comprehensive and developmental economic framework. The second is to discover that economic policy (e.g. taxation, industrial licensing, the setting of tariffs and the manipulation of wages, interest rates and prices) stimulates direct and in few cases control cloistered economic activity to ensure harmonious relationship between the desires of private concern operators and the social objectives of establishment policy. Some of the key features of the policies include the adoption of a cash budgeting system use of multiple currencies as legal tender and adoption of the rand as a reference currency and the take down of contrasted currency controls among new(prenominal) measures.Theoretical frameworkA starting point in exploring the theory of a developmental state is the developmental state literature that gained currency following the phenomenal economic performance of the East Asiatic countries in the 1970s. Meredith Woo-Cumings (1999 1) descri bes the theory of develop-mental state as the explanation for the East Asian industrialization. This theorizing represents one of the first attempts to integrate giving medication and private sector decision making. Earlier theorists such as Downs (1957) had noned a trend in economic theorizing which treated government perform as an exogenous variable determined by political considerations that lie outside the purview of economics.The earlier view equal a carryover from the classical premise that saw the line of credit as a self regulating mechanism. every government action beyond maintenance of law and order was seen as undesirable interference. Edigheji (2005) has analyzed a number of variations of the literature on the developmental state and notes two strands of theorizing. The first set of theories focus unaccompanied on the developmental goals of the state (e.g. Castells, 1992). These theories argue that state is developmental when it basees as its principle of legitim acy its business leader to leaven and sustain development (understood as the combination of steady and high rates of economic growth and structural change in the productive system) both domestically and in its relationship with the international economy. thereof a developmental state is seen as one which is able and willing to create and sustain a policy climate that promotes development by fostering productive investment, exports, growth and human welfare (Ponk, in Edigheji, 2005). The second strand of theorizing looks beyond the objectives to focus on the institutional voiceistics of the state and draws attention to the ideological character of the development state. Mkandawire (2001) has referred to this as the state-structure nexus that enable the state to be able to achieve growth and development while others cannot. A premium thus has to be placed on the institutional/organizational configurations of the developmental state. This is primarily because what sets a developmen tal state apart from others is that not alone is it able to extendly set its development objectives it too establishes institutional structures in order to achieve the objectives.Locating the role of the stateIn this paper, a developmental state is defined by its objectives and its institutional characteristics. It is one whose ideological underpinnings are developmental and one that seriously attempts to construct and deploy both administrative and political resources to the task of economic development (Mkandawire, 2001296). The role of the state needs to be clarified given the contradictory nature of the literature on the East Asian cases. Earlier theorizing initially conceived a developmental state in terms of the state imposing its will over society and suppressing civil society. and then they argued that the developmental state paid no heed to the democratic aspect of the developmental state. This is partly because some scholars regarded the repressive nature of the state as one of the factors that enhanced its developmental capacity.For some scholars, the soft authoritarian character of the state was the source of its familiarity which encouragered growth (e.g. Johnson, 1982, Wade, 1990). This is because a developmental state has existed in authoritarian Korea and Taiwan as well as in democratic Japan. In fact, Japan was the first East Asian state to be considered a developmental state (Bolesta, 2007107). Despite the nature of government, in a true developmental state, the bureaucratic rulers give birth a particular kind of legitimacy that allows them to be much more experimental and undoctrinaire (accommodative of new ideas) than in the typical authoritarian regime (Johnson 1999 52).However, Leftwich (1995 405) has identified six study components that define the developmental state model. These are a determined developmental elite recounting autonomy a powerful, competent and insulated bureaucracy a weak and subordinated civil society the effe ctive focal point of non-state economic interests and legitimacy and performance. The characterization of the democratic elements in Leftwichs model closely mirrors the situation in Zimbabwe prior to 2009 and may not be encouraging looking forward.Zimbabwe had an increasingly authoritarian governance style since the late 90s (Sachikonye, 2002) all the same its economic policies saw a continuing decline in key economic indicators. In analyzing the economic reforms policies in Zimbabwe this paper so draws more from theories that strike stressed the cooperative dynamism of the developmental state. For example, following a detailed analysis of the states relationship with business, Linda Weiss (1998 258) came up with the concept of governed interdependence where she conceptualized that there are collaborative relationships between government and business in pursuit of transformative projects.She notedIn this relationship, each party retains its independence, while government remai ns the ultimate arbiter of the rules and goals of interaction in which information is exchanged, resources are pooled and tasks shared, (Weiss, 1998 258).Zimbabwes neighbour, Botswana, is an illustration of a state that has pursued certain policies in the construction of what might be regarded as a developmental state i.e. a state that pursues policies that co-ordinates investment plans has a national development vision- implying that the state is an entrepreneurial federal agent that engages in institution-building to promote growth and development andplays a role in domestic conflict management (Chang, 1999 192-199).Assessment of Zims post Z$ economic reform policiesThe economic reform policy measures are assessed in relation to how the enhance Zimbabwes progress towards the attainment of developmental state status. It is necessary to point at the onset that the key policy reform measures announced by the GoZ have been formulated and are being carried out inwardly the framework of a mixed economy i.e. some of the productive resources are privately owned and operated while some are controlled by the public sector. As Todaro and Smith (2010) have noted, the mere existence of such an institutional setup means that neither the private nor the public sector can be considered in isolation from each other.This acknowledgement of the interdependent role of the state and business is one of the few positive outcomes (discussed later) of the reform measures. However, a number of factors in the policy measures do not meet the minimal elements required for the country to attain development state status. These include the lack of a gullly and coordinated role of State institutions and weak premises for global re-engagement, both of which are deprecative for the success of the economic reform measures.Unclear role of the StateAccording to the MTP (2010), the policy measures seek to establish a platform for Zimbabwe to emerge as a vibrant Private Sector driven economy t hat is growing and transforming from a producer of primary products to a producer of diversified manufactured quality products laying the foundation of a competitive global player. The State will thus provide a conductive policy environment that will ignite Private Sector initiatives, entrepreneurship as well as promote a saving and investment culture. This statement sounds noble but there is nothing that has been said close organize the role of the many state players in the economic reform measures. The Ministry of Economic Planning is coordinating 13 sectors in a framework that in reality has shown to be independent of the other key ministries such as the Youth, Indigenization and Empowerment ministry, the Mines Ministry and the Local government ministries, to cite but a few.The countrys indigenization policy, supervised by the youth ministry, has been viewed as a threat to foreign investment in the nation. Whilst government has made assertions about the enforcement of the Act, several transactions have been concluded which show inconsistency in policy implementation. A case in point is government sale of above 50% of its shareholding in Ziscosteel to Essar naught in Mauritius in 2010 despite the conditions of the Act, which state that 51% of all businesses must be indigenously owned. (IH Securities, 2011) exacerbating this lack of coordination is the past record of State regulation which has in the past failed to facilitating a conducive environment for business by sections of the previous government. This has the effect of promoting rent-seeking behaviours and corruption in both government and the private sector. world(prenominal) financial institutions have noted this as a hindrance to the success of the economic reform measures.For example, in statement at the Conclusion of the 2011 Article IV Consultation Mission to Zimbabwe (IMF, 2011) the IMF noted that while stronger policies, a favorable external environment, and sizeable off-budget donor grant s supported a nascent economic recuperation and a notable improvement in the humanitarian situation during 2009-10, the macroeconomic outlook for 2011 remains highly uncertain, (IMF, 2011). The IMF cites among other things, an inefficient composition of public expenditure, persistent financial sector vulnerabilities, and weaknesses in the business climate, including the recently announced fast track indigenization of the mining sector. The State, which prior to the coalition government had become an arena for private crown accumulation, cannot extricate itself from excessive private sector regulation which has, in some cases, resulted in the violation of private property rights.A recent example of these excesses is the recent case that will be heard in the International Court in Paris. The case involves the GoZ and South Africa base Amari Platinum following the formers cancellation of joint mining ventures in 2010. The South African company had invested over $35 one million mill ion into the project where it partnered the Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation. According to media reports, the company is demanding compensation of $200 million, (Sunday Times, October 9th 2011). Autonomy, which is a crucial element that supports growth in a developmental state, means the ability of the state to behave as a consistent collective actor capable of identifying and implementing developmental goals (Edigheji, 2005). in that location is therefore need for structural reforms.These would include alignment of indigenization and mandate objectives with respect for private property rights and the need to attract domestic and foreign investment. While these recommendations appear individually, they point to the failure by the reform policies to clearly spell out the role of the State in the economic reform process. Crucially, and related to the role of the State, is the fact that there has not been any systematic attempt to epicurean the concept of the developmental st ate in Zimbabwe.Besides passing reference in the objectives of all plans, government has not specified the sources of its capacity, other than regular lamentation about the need to build the skills capacities of the public sector. Thus crucial institutional elements that would enable the developmental state to act in a coherent work and, on that basis, successfully engage with its social partners have been either taken for granted at topper or ignored at worst.Weak to zero premises for global re-integrationThe policy measures recognize the level of debt currently besetting the country and its impact on badly needed financial inflows, yet it is not clear how this debt will be cleared. According to the MTP the success degree that Zimbabwe is becoming will in itself unlock other sources of funds. The few investments funds already in the country will soon become a multitude. Investors exchangeable a place where a dollar can be made and Zimbabwe provides such an opportunity.This in it self sounds akin a work of faith. Whilst trust plays a crucial role in policy implementation, the assumption that only success can unlock lines of credit and provides a stimulus for the productive sector is not based on evidence. The huge debt which will result in high future taxes if the countrys major sectors of the economy do not increase their operating capacity against a background of inadequate foreign aid. It could be that it is a carrot in the stick for those elements of government that are likely to derail reforms, yet experience in the past has shown that it is not success that drives politicians, but the ability to create and generate comme il faut wealth prior to the next elections. Reducing poverty under such policies becomes a farfetched vision that will not be recognized. There is need to strengthen internal revenue generation and hookup in areas such as tourism, agriculture and mining to finance internal and external debt while also providing resources for the pr oductive sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing.Alternatively, the country could attain Highly Indebted Poor bucolic (HIPC) status to enable international debt relief. The experience of Zambia shows that total external debt reduced significantly by 8.9 percent from US$7.12 billion in 2001 to US$6.49 billion in 2002 as a result of the HIPC curtain raising (Zulu, 2003). HIPC status could be tied in with the strengthening of light trade policies. Despite being a signatory to numerous trade pacts, Zimbabwe has maintained numerous import controls as reflected by the high tariffs relative to other countries in the region (Hurungo, 2010). The countrys reluctance to reduce tariffs is due to its over opinion on the revenue generated (Biti, 2010) Economic literature on the relationship between restrictive or open trade policies and economic progress has been inconclusive. Multilateral institutions such as the World Bank (WB) and the International fiscal Fund (IMF) regularly promul gate advice predicated on the belief that openness generates predictable and positive consequences for growth.According to the IMF, for instance, policies toward foreign trade are among the more important factors promoting economic growth and convergence in developing countries, (IMF, 199784). This view is supported by a vast array of literature on trade. For example, Stiglitz (199836) noted that most specifications of observational growth regressions find that some indicators of external openness- whether trade ratios or indices or price distortions or average tariff level- is strongly association with per-capita income growth. other(a)s have made similar observations noting that integration into the world economy is the beat way for countries to grow, (Fischer, 2000).Thus Zimbabwes strategic reintegration with traditional trade partners could spur growth if value plus is considered for some export products. History has shown that there is no positive relationship between expor ts and growth in Zimbabwe. For much of the period when Zimbabwe experienced negative growth rates (between 1997 and 2009), it experienced a trade superfluous with South Africa, the European Union and the United States (ZimTrade, 2009). Such trade surpluses need to be tapped into in a new economic and political environment fostered by the coalition government so as to spur economic growth and equity. However, there is no acknowledgement of these facts.Stabilization as a success storyIt should be noted that a significant proportion of the policy measures have had a positive effect- which has resulted in economic stabilization. The adoption of multiple (excluding the Zimbabwe dollar) had the immediate impact of eliminating hyperinflation. Annual inflation declined from an official figure of 231 million in July 2008 to 0.5 percent in December 2009 and 3.5 percent in July 2011, according to the Central Statistical portion (CSO). According to the IMF (April 2011), the Governing Board of the RBZ (which was appointed in May 2010) has achieved a significant improvement in central bank governance, reporting, and organizational restructuring although further steps are needed to accelerate financial restructuring of the financially-distressed RBZ.There was also a significant improvement in product availability in retail and sweeping outlets, with capacity utilization having markedly improved which also witnessed an improvement in the performance of the overall economy. For instance, in 2009 the economy was estimated to have grown by 5.7 percent and the average for SADC was 2.4 percent and 2 percent for sub-Saharan Africa. While this stabilization, within the theoretical framework of the developmental state, can be seen as progress, it is easy to see that the economic decline had hit rock bottom and the desire is to bring levels of productivity to 2000 levels.The World Bank has estimated that it will take another decade with a growth rate of 10 percent per annum to bring rates to 2000 levels. In June, the IMF said Zimbabwean growth is set to slow sharply in 2011and the countrys recovery from a decade-long deep economic contraction remained fragile (IMF, 2011). An IMF review of Zimbabwes economy projected that economic growth would drop to 5.5 percent in 2011 from 9.0 percent in 2010. It said the country was in debt distress with a large unsustainable external debt stock of 118 percent of gross domestic product as of the end of 2010, the people of which was in arrears.ConclusionThis paper has provided a framework for understanding Zimbabwes economic reform policies within the framework of a developmental state. Though not exhaustive, the developmental state has been defined based on its institutional attributes of being autonomous and coherent. In addition, the developmental state is one that forges broad-based alliances with society and ensures popular fellowship in the governance and transformation processes. Elements of the Washington Consensus and other classical economic theory have been brought to tire on previous economic reform programs and there is evidence that these continue in current reform policies.The classical theories do not take into account the unique circumstances of a country, especially the different types of government. In spite of the type of government, a developmental state is guided by the goals of coherence and authoritative governance, accountability, inclusiveness, stability, ability to generate consensus and popular participation- none of which are visible in Zimbabwes political and economic outlook.Much of the work towards the attainment of a developmental state hinge on Zimbabwe providing and implementing a clear definition of the role of the key players- the state, private sector and civil society- in the proposed economic reform measures. Other measures include forging a clear partnerships with local and international players- with parameters of engagement with the latter based on realist ic economic policy measures as well as an engagement path that takes into consideration Zimbabwes trade surplus with the major international economic blocks such as the European Union, SADC and the United States. Without this, as seen in current reform policies the chances of success of the reform measures are limited.ReferencesAfrican Development Bank Group, 2011, al-Qaeda and Growth in Zimbabwe- An Action Plan for Sustained Strong Economic Growth, Tunis, TunisiaAfrican Development Bank Group, 2010, Zimbabwe Country Brief, Regional Department, South Region A, January 2010.Biti, T 2010 2010 Budget Speech. Ministry of Finance (28 January)Castells, M., 1992 Four Asian Tigers with a Dragon Head A Comparative Analysis of State, Economy and Society in the Asian Pacific Rim. in Applebaum R, Henderson J (eds). State and Development in the Asian Pacific. Newbury Park Sage Publications.Chang, H-J (1999) The Economic scheme of the developmental State in M. Woo-Cumings (ed.) The Development al State New York Cornell University.Downs, A., 1957, An economic theory of political action in a democracy. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 65, No. 2, April 1957Edigheji, O., 2005, A Democratic Developmental State in Africa? Centre for Policy Studies, Research Report No. 105, May 2005Hurungo, J.T. 2010 Trade Policy Review Zimbabwe. Stellenbosch TralacMedium Term Plan, 2010, Medium Term Plan January 2010- December 2015, July 6, Harare Government PrintersIH Securities, 2011, Zimbabwe Equity Strategy optimistic macro story amidst potential turbulent waters, Equity Research, March 2, 2011.Johnson, C., 1982, MITI and the Japanese Miracle The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford Stanford University instancyLeftwich, A., 1995, Bringing Politics Back In Towards a Model of the Developmental State, Journal of Development Studies, vol. 31, no. 3.McIndoe, T., 2009, Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe money demand, seignorage and Aid shocks. IIIS Discussion Paper No. 293, July 2009.Mkan dawire, T., 2001, Thinking About the Developmental States in Africa. Cambridge Journal of Economics, Pp 289- 314Sachikonye, L. M. 2002 Whither Zimbabwe? Crisis and Democratization. Review of African Political Economy, No. 91, 13. P 13- 20. Roape Publications Limited.Todaro, P.T. Smith, C. S., 2010 Economic Development (10th edition), capital of Massachusetts Pearson/ Addison WesleyWade, R. 1990. Governing the Market. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1990.Weiss, L. 2003 Guiding Globalization in East Asia new roles for old developmental states. In Linda Weiss (Ed), States in the global economy bringing domestic institutions back in. UK Cambridge University PressZulu, J.J., 2003, Leaning Against Economic Winds Zambias Problems with HIPC, Lusaka Jubilee- Zambia Debt Project

Coles Sales Promotion Essay Example for Free

Coles Sales Promotion EssayPacific managing director of Nielsen Consumer Group, state Its no surprise that consumers are increasingly concerned about their household budgets in solvent to such fluctuating economic conditions, and the cost-saving strategies currently cosmos employed by consumers are likely to persist in well into the year. (Jessica Kennedy,2011) Due to the rising concern of the current unstable economic condition in Australia, the stack take on developed a tendency to save or spend barely what is necessary.There is in like manner a concern for the rising food and fuel prices and more and more people are looking at for good deals and bargains for the basic necessities required to run a household. If this holds true to the working population then this pass on hold true even more to the student population in Australia who perhaps only have a crock up time job and live on a fixed budget. Market outline The student population contributes a lot to the econ omy of Australia. In 2008, the total tertiary student community of refers in Melbourne was around 208,800 people and international tertiary student population numbering was at to the lowest degree 28,150 (Melbourne City Research, 2010).These numbers have steadily risen in the past years and will traverse to do so. From this situation analysis, it can be derived that it would be a winning venture if zippy and rigid fruits and vegs were offered at a discounted price by Coles to students in Melbourne for a limited period of time. And if the reply is successful in Melbourne it can be an option to expand to other cities as well. Sales promotion slash Offering a 15% discount to students from the 1s of July to the 31st of July on each of Coles fresh and frozen fruits and vegetable line.SWOT analysis Strengths The current economic condition will help the response to a barter if it is held. It will attract the customers and increase revenue. It is as well as a healthy campaign as fruits and vegetables are being offered at a discount to students to encourage them to eat healthier and will boost the image of Coles. Weaknesses The encounter that the response may not be as enthusiastic as predicted from the gull audience. Also that it is targeting a very specific member of the market and that can be risky to the campaign if the response is not as predicted.Opportunities The option to hold this sale every half year or more ofttimes if response is good and also in a larger number of cities. Threats Competitors like Woolworths and Aldi may also put their items on sale to compete with Coles. Target Segment Demographics Treating the market as heterogeneous, as all the people of Melbourne are not being targeted and they dont have similar wants, the target visibleness for the campaign would look like the following * Age * Late teens and above * Gender * Male and female Geographic area * Melbourne * Occupation * Students * Household size * Living alone or with housemates * Lifestyle and Habits * Lives on a budget, tends to look for the most reasonable prices, prioritizes saving and has a slightly more healthy lifestyle. The natural profile of the segment being targeted would be a College student who Lives alone or with housemates or in a dorm and who purchases their own groceries. Within the target audience there will be antithetic views and attitudes about fruits and vegetables.The types of opinions are usually four in kind. They are * The appreciators will be the portion of the target market that like eating healthy and enjoy eating lots of fruits and vegetables. These people may be more health conscious and aware of the fact that fruits and vegetables are a very important part of the diet. I love fruits and vegetables They are a part of almost all of my meals for the day * The acceptors are the segment of students that eat a moderate amount of fruits and vegetables but also opt meats and othe r food items. I like fruits and vegetables but I dont like including them in all my meals, I prefer meat * The resistors this segment is not very fond of fruits and vegetables but eat them on occasion. fruits and vegetables are ok but I would rather eat something else * The rejecters This portion of students is strongly against adding fruits or vegetables to their daily meals and would most by all odds eat other foods instead. Insert refrence pg. 206 One of the purposes of the campaign is to try and get the percentage of the resistors and the rejecters to convert to each the acceptors or the appreciators.Time frame The promotion will last for one month. Starting July 1st and conclusion July 31st. The duration chosen is during the offseason period where there are no big gross sales held otherwise. This will earn it easier to persuade the target market to purchase their groceries at Coles as it will be cheaper to do so. It gives them an fillip to buy. 20 specimen subjec ts from Chisholm College that fit the target profile completed a survey about wherefore they picked a particular store everywhere another. Four fixed options were asked and the results were as followsMore than half, i. e 11 people out of 20, utter that the main reason they choose a store was because of its low prices. 6 people said they choose a store according to how conveniently its located, 2 said it was because of loyalty to the store and 1 said because of good customer service. This further emphasizes the fact that if a sales promotion was held, the response would be enthusiastic and the campaign would be successful. Main Objective * Increasing the sales of fresh, frozen and canned fruits and vegetables by 5 to 10 percent in the month of July.Initially only in Melbourne with an option to expand to other cities if the response is positive. Additional objectives * Enhance customer loyalty * farm new customers * To reinforce brand advertising * Encouraging students to eat heal thier Perception achieve at least(prenominal) a 65% increase in awareness of the sales promotion in the for the first time week Cognition Achieve recall of discount period at Coles by at least 80% of the students in Melbourne Persuasion Make the target audience want to go to Coles for their groceries rather than its competitors sensation Induce humor and fun through the advertisementAssociation Associate Coles with the most reasonable prices and forest goods Behavior Persuade at least 3% of the customers that shop at Woolworths, Aldi and other competitors to switch over to Coles Approach The type of approach to be used for this promotion is the emotional approach and a velvet sell strategy. Humor will be used a medium in the advertisement to leave students to relate to the campaign easily and for retention of the message to create the need to buy fruits and vegetables at Coles. An unnamed survey was conducted using 20 students in Chisholm College that fit the target aud ience.They were asked to state what kinds of advertisements they remembered the easiest out of a inclined three choices. Out of 20 students, 15 said humorous advertisements were the easiest to remember, 2 said informative and 3 said shock advertising. Pull promotional strategy In a pull strategy, the manufacturer directs the bulk of its promotional effort towards the ultimate consumer in an attempt to get them to pull the produces through the marketing channel. (McColl Kennedy, JR, 1994) A pull promotional strategy creates a high degree of awareness amongst consumers and implants a desire and an interest for the product.This makes the customers to go to the retail store with the determination to find the product to purchase it and if it is not available they invigorate the retailer to stock up on it. This is the strategy that Coles is aiming at following as the message will be direct directly to the ultimate consumers who are in this case the students, urging them to purchase frozen, fresh and canned fruits and vegetables. And when the demand exceeds the supply, it will cause the Coles retail stores to urge the wholesalers and other links in the product chain to acquire the product causing a pulling effect through the marketing channel. discourse In order to inform the potential customers about the promotion, effective and efficient advertising must be carried out. The use of Television, the internet, newspapers and magazines help in doing so. Since the target market is only students, it would also be productive to break the advertisements on social networking sites on the internet. To further reach students fliers can be put up on the notice boards and in the college magazines. Point of purchase displays also helps as it improves in store branding and keeps the customer informed. Having sales signs near the product also can lead to impulse buying.The key message sent out here would be that it is cheaper to buy your groceries at Coles than at any other supermarket. Eliciting the desired response The main reason for fierce advertising and promotions is due to the reason that the sales promotion will be carried out for one month only. During this time period, Coles seeks to attract as many customers as possible to their stores in Melbourne. It is true that the potential customers go through a behavioral or psychological process in advance purchasing a product called a response hierarchy. The Coles advertisements and promotions seek to fulfill all the steps in this hierarchy chain.