Behavior Modification

Running decimal point BEHAVIOR CAN BE MODIFIED BY REWARDS AND REINFORCEMENTS behaviour adaption Desired Behavior cigaret be Created by professional personper living Natalie Tamayo CUNY Queens College Abstract This examine is centered on the notation of Behavior change. In this experiment a bottom is teach to exhibit a targeted expression c completelyed Roll. The desire goal of the experiment is ramble the rat into the path of producing brandishs whenever the sapless is numbered on.One rat took part in this experiment. There were devil precursor conducts to the desired Roll appearance. One style was venereal homework and the other was mentality tucking. First the air of genital grooming was consistently reinforced when exhibited. This way, after sometime, led in to the lower-ranking behavior of head tucking. Once the rat began to consistently exhibit the behavior of head tucking the living for the genital grooming was eliminated.Reinforcements were and then only provided for the displayed behavior of head tucking and so encouraging this standby behavior. When the rat begins head tucking on a more or less often basis this behavior leads into the ultimately desired behavior of rolls. unspoiled as was d atomic number 53 with the first precursor behavior, reinforcements were then discontinued for this behavior and were only reintroduced for the behavior of roll. Once the rat had turn out that she could consistently roll the last step of this experiment was introduced.This part entailed incorporating the pendent variable of light. straight manner she would only receive reinforcement when the light was turn on and she rolled. The sp be-time activity hypothesis was supported desired behaviors laughingstock be controlled through befitting reinforcement and reward. method Participants One virtual rat was used in this experiment. She was provided through the sneering the virtual rat Pro version 3. 0 CD Rom softw atomic number 18. Mat erials In the virtually imitation world of Sniffy a cage, a light, a magazine and pellets of nutrient were utilized.Behavior changeThis paper aims analyze what behavior allowance is and seeks to provide an insight into the mold of behavior adaptation. It revolves around numerous dimensions of this process which are dependant on numerous theories like learn and contiguity. It focuses on behavior modification techniques and provides examples for comfortable understanding of the process.Behavior modification Behavior modification is a term which refers to all process achieved from a reliable encyclopedism theory which is aimed at changing a persons behavior or the way he or she interacts with the out-of-door world.The specific area of behavior modification which is under focus in this paper is the techniques involved in behavior modification. Secondary research is cosmos used for the collection of data and demonstration of examples. Using the behavioral progress The beha vioral approach revolves around three different types of behavioral learning theories which are as follows Contiguity. The theory of contiguity suggests that a specific input followed by a particular chemical re bodily process tends to be followed by the akin reply again on reoccurrence.It suggests that the stimulus response connections gain encompassing strength on the first interaction of the connection i. e. contiguity. Repetition uncomplete strengthens nor weakens the connection that has already been developed. Guthrie also based his belief on the right of recency which suggested that an organism would reply to a stimulus in the aforesaid(prenominal) way as it responded in the most recent encounter with that stimulus. This motif implied that habits once formed were extremely hard to break. However Guthrie suggested that behavior could be broken i. e.new behavior could be formed on the basis of by-line techniques 1. Exhaustion Method Exhaustion Method/Fatigue Method su ggests one should continue to present the stimulus until an organism is too tired to respond in the habitual way. At this point, either a new response depart occur or a new stimulus-response habit provide form or the organism impart do nothing. 2. Threshold Method suggests presenting the stimulus so faintly that the organism does not respond to it in the habitual manner. Then gradually increase the intensity of the stimulus so that the organism continues not to respond to it.3. Incompatible Stimulus Method gift the stimulus when the habitual response cant occur and ordain lead to occurrence of incompatible response. Classical learn Pavlov in his experiment presented dogs with food and observed the dogs salivary responses to the ringing of doorbell straight off forward food was presented. Initially the dogs didnt respond unless they were presented the food, however after a certain time the dogs started salivating at hearing the exit of the bell because they had started asso ciating the sound of bell with food.There are two major purposes served by classical conditioning 1,Conditioning automatic responses for example reducing adrenaline levels in homosexuals without the physical exertion of stimuli that would produce such responses. Secondly for creation of stimuli association. There are two different types of stimuli that can be categorized as secondary stimuli or primary stimuli. Stimuli which result in response without any training are called primary response for example pain and food. Stimulus which leads to a response only after training is called secondary stimulus for example the bell in Pavlovs case.A trainee has to be taught to like or dislike the secondary stimuli. Application of classical conditioning Animal trainers use classical conditioning to train animals. Usually dog trainers use a light glimmer which flickers at different intervals of time by-line which the dog is contriven a palm. Simply flick the light, wait for a moment and t hen give the dog a treat maybe food. After this has been fictionaliseed a few times, one may observe that the animal monitors, stares at the treat or maybe looks at the trainer.This is an indication towards formation of an association. The flickering light then becomes a signal for an upcoming reinforcement. operative conditioning Operant conditioning results in the creation of an association amongst a specific behavior and a specific publication. This refers to response stimulus conditioning because it leads to an association development amongst the behavior and its following consequence. Consequences have to be clearly linked to behavior. A reinforce refers to anything which makes an event occur more frequently than usual.An organism tends to repeat behavior when the consequences are positivist degree these are referred to as reinforcers. Similarly an man-to-man tends to reduce a certain kind of behavior if it leads to unfavorable consequences these are called punishers. As a result of punishment or reinforcement the following scenarios can prevail If something good starts and leads to an increase in behavior it is called positive Reinforcement. When a good thing is taken away the behavior decreases which is called prejudicious Punishment. If a bad consequence is presented the behavior will decrease which refers to positive Punishment. When a bad consequence is reduced the behavior would increase which is know as negative Reinforcement. Behavior modification techniques There are quintuple different categories of activities that revolve around numerous dimensions of behavior modification techniques ontogeny of a new behavior For example teaching a shaver to act in desired ways which he hasnt exhibited before, sequential steps can be rewarded until we have reached or attained the nett desired behavior.For example if a chela to be taught a certain alphabetical spelling list we can reward the squirt with edulcorate or a desired toy every(pren ominal) time the shaver learns a spelling. This will lastly lead the child to learn all the constituent words of the list. This process is called SHAPING. According to continuous reinforcement teaching to teach a child a new behavior which he has never exhibited an immediate reward should be presented after each jog proceeding. For example provide a dog with a cookie every time it responds to a stimulus in a desired behavior.The negative reinforcement doctrine suggests that to increase a childs performance in particularly desired ways, the trainer should reduce undesirable consequences this can be done by allowing the trainee to avoid the aversive situation by behaving appropriately. The cueing prescript suggests that in order to teach a child to imagine how to act at specific times the trainer should arrange for the supplying of a cue to the correct performance immediately before the action is expected rather than after its incorrect performance.Strengthen a new behavior en couraging a child for continuation of performance of a antecedently open behavior leading to little rewards, gradually requires a perennial time period. This refers to decreasing reinforcement principle. According to variable reinforcement principle, for utility in a childs performance of a certain tasks the child should be presented with an intermittent reward.For example if a child acts according to the desired manner when sitting on the dining table, providing the child with candy immediately will lead the child to repeat that behavior in future. Maintain an established behavior according to the substitution principle for changing reinforcers when previously in force(p) rewards are not modifying behavior any longer, the reinforcer should be presented immediately before or immediately after the time the more utile reward is presented.Stop an inappropriate behavior according to the satiation principle to snap off a child from acting in a particular way the child must be allow ed to continue the undesired act until it becomes thudding and the child gets tired of it. For example if you disapprove of a childs computer usage patterns and you think its leading to addiction you should distort not saying anything and encourage the child to do what he is indulged into and eventually there will be a time when the child will get sick of it and will stop doing so naturally.The extinguishing principle suggests another way to stop inappropriate behavior i. e. to efficiently reject a specific behavior one should create such conditions for the child that he/she receives no rewards following the undesired act. For example if you dont want your child to talk while eating, every time the child indulges in such activity create such a consequence for him which is extremely undesirable, for example scolding the child. This will eventually lead to extinction of that certain behavioral display.The incompatible alternative principle suggests efficient fillet of a certain b ehavior in a child can be achieved by rewarding an alternative action, whose simultaneous performance with the undesired act isnt possible. Modify emotional behavior the avoidance principle states in order for a child to be taught to avoid a certain type of scenario the child should be simultaneously exhibited to the situation that is undesired or any form of its representation and some aversive condition. ConclusionBehavior modification is a technique which has been thoroughly and repeatedly analyzed in numerous experiments. These experiments have proved that following a certain series of modification can lead to a change in the behavior of an organism. References Dimensions of human behavior by Elizabeth Hutchison, sage Pubns ( March 2003 ) Applied behavior summary by John O Cooper, William L Heward , Edward R Canda. Prentice lobby (December 2006) An introduction to behavioral endocrinology by Randy J. Nelson, Sinauer associates inc ( March 2003 )Behavior ModificationRunning Hea d BEHAVIOR CAN BE MODIFIED BY REWARDS AND REINFORCEMENTS Behavior Modification Desired Behavior can be Created by Proper Reinforcement Natalie Tamayo CUNY Queens College Abstract This experiment is centered on the notation of Behavior Modification. In this experiment a rat is trained to exhibit a targeted behavior called Roll. The desired goal of the experiment is mold the rat into the behavior of producing rolls whenever the light is turned on.One rat took part in this experiment. There were two precursor behaviors to the desired Roll behavior. One behavior was genital grooming and the other was head tucking. First the behavior of genital grooming was consistently reinforced when exhibited. This behavior, after sometime, led in to the secondary behavior of head tucking. Once the rat began to consistently exhibit the behavior of head tucking the reinforcement for the genital grooming was eliminated.Reinforcements were then only provided for the displayed behavior of head tucking thu s encouraging this secondary behavior. When the rat begins head tucking on a fairly often basis this behavior leads into the ultimately desired behavior of rolls. Just as was done with the first precursor behavior, reinforcements were then discontinued for this behavior and were only reintroduced for the behavior of roll. Once the rat had proved that she could consistently roll the last step of this experiment was introduced.This part entailed incorporating the dependant variable of light. Now she would only receive reinforcement when the light was turn on and she rolled. The following hypothesis was supported desired behaviors can be controlled through proper reinforcement and reward. Method Participants One virtual rat was used in this experiment. She was provided through the Sniffy the virtual rat Pro version 3. 0 CD Rom software. Materials In the virtually simulated world of Sniffy a cage, a light, a magazine and pellets of food were utilized.