Labeling Theory

Running stage Labeling Theory Labeling Theory Stacie OReilly Miller-Motte Lisa Bruno October 20, 2012 Abstract check to the works of Frank Tannenbaum, Howard Becker, Edwin Lemert and the Labeling Theory, carg cardinalr criminals ar practically created by our modern legal expert system and by our golf-club and their labeling of freshs who surrender been convicted of committing a abnormal act. These youngsters be often denominate as juvenile delinquents. The Labeling, not the juveniles characteristics, croupe create a ordinary offender. Labeling TheoryFrank Tannenbaum, as well as known as the grandpa of the Labeling Theory, in 1938, wrote against touristed beliefs that juvenile delinquents were different in umteen carriages than non-delinquents and that they were wad who mark off into where they were placed by society and the juvenile nicety system. This concept is the set aboutning of the Labeling Theory in criminology and sociology, known as Dramatizing Evil . Tannenbaums statement was that 0 When they first break the law, the juvenile is a little or no different in characteristics than his peers. Youths who ar label bad go forth be treated other(a)wise than their peers who ar not labelled as bad. 2 They may remember their label and be arrive as they believe they should. As the youths are designate, they may no longer be pass judgment by their peers but pull up stakes gladly be received by other outcasts. This is the blood lines of the labeling theory. Edwin Lemert, sociologist, contributed to the Labeling Theory by arguing that all community conduct unnatural behavior on occasion and if caught any soulfulness could, by reaction of society and the criminal justice system, be abeled as a delinquent. Lemert studied and recorded the series of hitherto offts that lot result from the wholeness sequent. To wear out explain the labeling process he uses primary winding and Secondary deviation. Primary deviance is the first delinquent act the soul gets caught performing. Secondary Deviance is draw by Lemert as any deviant act pull as a result of the labeling of the individual collect to the Primary Deviance. Howard Becker in the 1960s champi unitaryd the Labeling Theory, explaining ocial groups create aberrance by do rules whose infraction creates deviance, and by applying those roles to occurrence mass and labeling them as outsiders. From this invest of view, deviance is not a whole step of the act the individual commits, but alternatively a consequence of the finishing by other of rules and sanctions to an offender. The deviant is unrivaled to whom that label has been successfully use deviant behavior is behavior that people so label. Becker In todays society, labeling go off be as harmful as ever and erect notice to a juvenile who has not tear down been convicted of any wrong doing.Before a defendant has a chance to incline his accuser, society is developing a label for him/her. In our criminal justice system, a person flush toilet be chequered if it is thought, by the authorities, that the accused had committed a offence. The accused is interpreted into custody, finger printed and a photo taken as part of the arrest process. Todays media and technology patron the labeling process along, often pre-maturely. There are safeguards to value juveniles from the exposure, but these protections stop at the pop the question age of 18, just as these young people are attempt to find their way.Once somebody is arrested, his/her sucker nacreous, along with the crime they are charged with becomes public, often in the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic newspaper and on the internet. This information also becomes part of the accuseds background check. I feel spateed average citizens and businesses to understand what do this exposure fucking have on young people applying for work and in general, in other words, the effects of labeling on decisions of p eople interacting with the persons who are denominate, which get out affect the way the labeled person will begin to view himself/herself.In the scar shot survey, the labeled are not labeled officially and not even convicted of a crime, however they are viewed by strangers by the photos of themselves posted in the crime sections of newspapers and websites. The answers to the survey questions are harsher than expect 0 Would you make some single you late see in the local anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic mug shots? The answers were in duple choice formats and are as follows- no, in all likelihood not, in all probability, or yes. Of the persons surveyed, 26. 7% doed no, 53. 3% responded credibly not, 20% responded probably and no one responded yes. Would you offer your adolescent to visit somebody you latterly saw in your local mug shots? With the alike(p) four choices for answers, 60% answered no. 26. 7% responded probably not, 20% responded probably, and no one answered yes. 0 Would you feel cosy travel next to someone you deep seen in the local mug shots? Having the alike answering options as the to a higher place questions, 6. 7% answered no, 13. 3% answered probably not, 66. 7% responded with probably and 13. 3% answered yes. The above add up show how interdictly people are thought of after an encounter with the law, regardless of guilt or innocence.This moldiness be apparent to the person world labeled silently by those in his/her community, the treatment accredited may have a study impact on his/her self-image and they may accept this view as dependable and will be accepted by others in the alike situation. Felons, by definition, are those people who have been convicted of a serious crime. These convictions can be of many things from combination to rape, yet are classify unneurotic with a stigma that can turn the labeled person into the devil he/she is often viewed as by others. Once labeled a turn, a person m ay lose hope of overcoming a delinquent past one event can lead to this negative label. A person who is labeled a criminal is treated differently by society, they are labeled by an event and any achievements and keen behavior up to that point is disregarded, many rights are taken off from twists and restrictions applied. With the exception of Vermont and Maine, Felons and ex-Felons are curtail from voting in the United States. 0 Federal Law prohibits those labeled Felons to bear arms.These two basic rights that felons do not enjoy are clear signs of the way that society views them as dangerous and not worthy. This is fortify with every job application that they take up out, repeatedly, they must acknowledge that they are a felon, and felons can be anyone convicted of medicate possession to murder, all grouped together. Young people who are labeled as Felons are ostracized and have a hard time decision get out, which can lead to them persuasion they are not worthy, acceptin g the label, and go to a life of crime for survival.I created a survey to get a quick view from people who would potentially interact with felons to see how they would respond to a felon in different mickle. The way the felon is responded to by society can help the felon view himself as he is viewed others. The answers to the survey questions are as expected 0 Would you hire a convicted felon? The answers were in nonuple choice formats and are as follows- no, probably not, probably, or yes. Of the persons surveyed, 20% responded no, 60% responded probably not, 20% responded probably and no one responded yes. 0 Would you allow your teen to attend a convicted felon?With the similar four choices for answers, 100% answered no. 0 Would you feel comfortable working intimately with a convicted felon? Having the same answering options as the above questions, 0% answered no, and 80% answered probably not, 20% responded with probably and no one answered yes. The results show the diffi culty a felon will have being rehabilitated while being feared and unwanted by clotheshorse citizens. The label is devastating to a convicted felon with little chance of employment which is a major part of gaining self-assertion and confidence to overcome such a harsh stigma.Without even penetrative what the felon was convicted of and any circumstances involved, the communitys children are off limits to those unfortunate nice to have earned this label. union still labels young people sometimes by one incident which shows only the possibility that the person bust the law and this is not official, it is indirect, done the media. When an official label like felon is used, it is even more detrimental to the person inflicted, because the laws directed to them go hand in hand with how strangers and acquaintances seem to be viewing Would you hire someone you tardily saw in the local mug shots?Would you hire someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? them. Would you allow yo ur teenager to date someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you allow your teenager to date someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you feel comfortable base on balls next to someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you feel comfortable walking next to someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you allow your teenager to date a convicted felon? Would you allow your teenager to date a convicted felon? Would you hire a convicted felon?Would you hire a convicted felon? Would you feel comfortable working closely with a convicted felon? Would you feel comfortable working closely with a convicted felon? References OReilly, S. (n. d. ). Felons Survey. SurveyMonkey Free online survey software package & questionnaire tool. Retrieved November 9, 2012, from http//www. surveymonkey. com/s/K3MZSKJ OReilly, S. (n. d. ). Mug shots Survey. SurveyMonkey Free online survey software & questionnaire tool. Retrieved November 9, 2012, from http//ww w. surveymonkey. com/s/5T8MQYL Parmelee, M. (1918).Criminology, by Maurice Parmelee . New York The Macmillan Company. Regoli, R. M. , Hewitt, J. D. , & DeLisi, M. (2008). Sociological Theory Labeling and contravene Explanations. Delinquency in society youth crime in the twenty-first century (7th ed. , pp. 222-248). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill higher(prenominal) Education. Siegel, L. J. (2010). Criminology theories, patterns, and typologies (10th ed. ). Belmont, CA Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Vito, G. F. , & Holmes, R. M. (1994). Criminology theory, research, and policy. Belmont, Calif. Wadsworth Pub. Co..Labeling TheoryRunning Head Labeling Theory Labeling Theory Stacie OReilly Miller-Motte Lisa Bruno October 20, 2012 Abstract According to the works of Frank Tannenbaum, Howard Becker, Edwin Lemert and the Labeling Theory, career criminals are often created by our juvenile justice system and by our society and their labeling of juveniles who have been convicted of committing a deviant act. These youngsters are often labeled as juvenile delinquents. The Labeling, not the juveniles characteristics, can create a habitual offender. Labeling TheoryFrank Tannenbaum, also known as the Grandfather of the Labeling Theory, in 1938, wrote against popular beliefs that juvenile delinquents were different in many ways than non-delinquents and that they were people who fit into where they were placed by society and the juvenile justice system. This concept is the beginning of the Labeling Theory in criminology and sociology, known as Dramatizing Evil. Tannenbaums argument was that 0 When they first break the law, the juvenile is a little or no different in characteristics than his peers. Youths who are labeled bad will be treated differently than their peers who are not labeled as bad. 2 They may believe their label and behave as they believe they should. As the youths are labeled, they may no longer be accepted by their peers but will gladly be accepted by other outcasts. Thi s is the beginnings of the labeling theory. Edwin Lemert, sociologist, contributed to the Labeling Theory by arguing that all people conduct deviant behavior occasionally and if caught any person could, by reaction of society and the criminal justice system, be abeled as a delinquent. Lemert studied and recorded the series of events that can result from the one incident. To better explain the labeling process he uses Primary and Secondary deviation. Primary Deviation is the first delinquent act the person gets caught performing. Secondary Deviance is described by Lemert as any deviant act committed as a result of the labeling of the person due to the Primary Deviance. Howard Becker in the 1960s championed the Labeling Theory, explaining ocial groups create deviance by making rules whose infraction creates deviance, and by applying those roles to particular people and labeling them as outsiders. From this point of view, deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but ra ther a consequence of the application by other of rules and sanctions to an offender. The deviant is one to whom that label has been successfully applied deviant behavior is behavior that people so label. Becker In todays society, labeling can be as harmful as ever and can happen to a juvenile who has not even been convicted of any wrong doing.Before a defendant has a chance to face his accuser, society is developing a label for him/her. In our criminal justice system, a person can be arrested if it is thought, by the authorities, that the accused had committed a crime. The accused is taken into custody, finger printed and a photo taken as part of the arrest process. Todays media and technology help the labeling process along, often pre-maturely. There are safeguards to protect juveniles from the exposure, but these protections stop at the tender age of 18, just as these young people are trying to find their way.Once someone is arrested, his/her mug shot, along with the crime they are charged with becomes public, often in the local newspaper and on the internet. This information also becomes part of the accuseds background check. I have surveyed average citizens and businesses to understand what effects this exposure can have on young people applying for work and in general, in other words, the effects of labeling on decisions of people interacting with the persons who are labeled, which will affect the way the labeled person will begin to view himself/herself.In the mug shot survey, the labeled are not labeled officially and not even convicted of a crime, however they are viewed by strangers by the photos of themselves posted in the crime sections of newspapers and websites. The answers to the survey questions are harsher than expected 0 Would you hire someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? The answers were in multiple choice formats and are as follows- no, probably not, probably, or yes. Of the persons surveyed, 26. 7% responded no, 53. 3% respond ed probably not, 20% responded probably and no one responded yes. Would you allow your teenager to date someone you recently saw in your local mug shots? With the same four choices for answers, 60% answered no. 26. 7% responded probably not, 20% responded probably, and no one answered yes. 0 Would you feel comfortable walking next to someone you recently seen in the local mug shots? Having the same answering options as the above questions, 6. 7% answered no, 13. 3% answered probably not, 66. 7% responded with probably and 13. 3% answered yes. The above numbers show how negatively people are thought of after an encounter with the law, regardless of guilt or innocence.This must be apparent to the person being labeled silently by those in his/her community, the treatment received may have a major impact on his/her self-image and they may accept this view as true and will be accepted by others in the same situation. Felons, by definition, are those people who have been convicted of a se rious crime. These convictions can be of many things from conspiracy to rape, yet are grouped together with a stigma that can turn the labeled person into the monster he/she is often viewed as by others. Once labeled a felon, a person may lose hope of overcoming a delinquent past one event can lead to this negative label. A person who is labeled a felon is treated differently by society, they are labeled by an event and any achievements and good behavior up to that point is disregarded, many rights are taken away from felons and restrictions applied. With the exception of Vermont and Maine, Felons and ex-Felons are restricted from voting in the United States. 0 Federal Law prohibits those labeled Felons to bear arms.These two basic rights that felons do not enjoy are clear signs of the way that society views them as dangerous and not worthy. This is reinforced with every job application that they fill out, repeatedly, they must acknowledge that they are a felon, and felons can be an yone convicted of drug possession to murder, all grouped together. Young people who are labeled as Felons are ostracized and have a hard time finding employment, which can lead to them thinking they are not worthy, accepting the label, and turning to a life of crime for survival.I created a survey to get a quick view from people who would potentially interact with felons to see how they would respond to a felon in different circumstances. The way the felon is responded to by society can help the felon view himself as he is viewed others. The answers to the survey questions are as expected 0 Would you hire a convicted felon? The answers were in multiple choice formats and are as follows- no, probably not, probably, or yes. Of the persons surveyed, 20% responded no, 60% responded probably not, 20% responded probably and no one responded yes. 0 Would you allow your teenager to date a convicted felon?With the same four choices for answers, 100% answered no. 0 Would you feel comfortable working closely with a convicted felon? Having the same answering options as the above questions, 0% answered no, and 80% answered probably not, 20% responded with probably and no one answered yes. The results show the difficulty a felon will have being rehabilitated while being feared and unwanted by fellow citizens. The label is devastating to a convicted felon with little chance of employment which is a major part of gaining self-esteem and confidence to overcome such a harsh stigma.Without even knowing what the felon was convicted of and any circumstances involved, the communitys children are off limits to those unfortunate enough to have earned this label. Society still labels young people sometimes by one incident which shows only the possibility that the person broke the law and this is not official, it is indirect, through the media. When an official label like felon is used, it is even more detrimental to the person inflicted, because the laws directed to them go hand in ha nd with how strangers and acquaintances seem to be viewing Would you hire someone you recently saw in the local mug shots?Would you hire someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? them. Would you allow your teenager to date someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you allow your teenager to date someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you feel comfortable walking next to someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you feel comfortable walking next to someone you recently saw in the local mug shots? Would you allow your teenager to date a convicted felon? Would you allow your teenager to date a convicted felon? Would you hire a convicted felon?Would you hire a convicted felon? Would you feel comfortable working closely with a convicted felon? Would you feel comfortable working closely with a convicted felon? References OReilly, S. (n. d. ). Felons Survey. SurveyMonkey Free online survey software & questionnaire tool. Retrieved November 9, 2012, from http//www. surveymonkey. com/s/K3MZSKJ OReilly, S. (n. d. ). Mug shots Survey. SurveyMonkey Free online survey software & questionnaire tool. Retrieved November 9, 2012, from http//www. surveymonkey. com/s/5T8MQYL Parmelee, M. (1918).Criminology, by Maurice Parmelee . New York The Macmillan Company. Regoli, R. M. , Hewitt, J. D. , & DeLisi, M. (2008). Sociological Theory Labeling and Conflict Explanations. Delinquency in society youth crime in the 21st century (7th ed. , pp. 222-248). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Siegel, L. J. (2010). Criminology theories, patterns, and typologies (10th ed. ). Belmont, CA Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Vito, G. F. , & Holmes, R. M. (1994). Criminology theory, research, and policy. Belmont, Calif. Wadsworth Pub. Co..